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Nursing students learn advance practice nurses can write medication prescriptions. Which roles may be performed by an advanced practice registered nurse? Select all that apply.
- A. Primary care provider
- B. Hospitalist
- C. Physical therapist
- D. Anesthetist
- E. Midwife
- F. Pharmacist
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: The Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) is a registered nurse educated at the master's or post-master's level in a specific role and for a specific population. Whether they are nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, nurse anesthetists, or nurse midwives, APRNs play a pivotal role in the future of health care. Hospitalists are health care providers who provide care to patients in the emergency department or hospital. Physical therapists and pharmacists have distinct training and roles outside of APRN scope.
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A nurse researcher follows current trends in health care delivery. Which present-day trends does the nurse observe? Select all that apply.
- A. Globalization of the economy and society
- B. Slowdown in technology development
- C. Decreasing diversity
- D. Increasing complexity of patient care
- E. Changing demographics
- F. Shortages of key health care professionals and educators
Correct Answer: A,D,E,F
Rationale: Trends to watch in health care delivery include globalization of the economy and society, increasing complexity of patient care, changing demographics, shortages of key health care professionals and educators, technology explosion, and increasing diversity. A slowdown in technology development and decreasing diversity are not current trends.
A nurse working in a primary care facility prepares insurance forms in which the provider is given a fixed monetary amount per enrollee in the health plan. What term do the nurses apply to this type of reimbursement?
- A. Capitation
- B. Prospective payment system
- C. Bundled payment
- D. Rate setting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Capitation plans give providers a fixed amount per enrollee in the health plan to build a payment plan that consists of the best standards of care at the lowest cost. The prospective payment system groups inpatient hospital services for Medicare patients into DRGs. With bundled payments, providers receive a fixed sum of money to provide a range of services. Rate setting means that the government could set targets or caps for spending on health care services.
Nurses provide care to patients in secondary health care facilities. Which patients do the nurses anticipate will receive this type of care? Select all that apply.
- A. Patient seeking treatment at a community clinic for possible strep throat
- B. Patient treated in the hospital following a myocardial infarction
- C. Child brought to the emergency department following a seizure
- D. Individual with osteogenesis imperfecta being treated in a medical center
- E. Child visiting a specialist to correct a congenital heart defect
- F. Patient who has a hernia repair in an ambulatory care center
Correct Answer: B,C,F
Rationale: Secondary health care treats problems that require specialized clinical expertise, such as an MI, a seizure, and a hernia repair. Treating strep throat is primary health care. Tertiary health care involves management of rare and complex disorders, such as osteogenesis imperfecta and congenital heart malformations.
Nursing students are reviewing information about health care delivery systems in post conference. Which statements describing current U.S. health care delivery practices should be included in the discussion? Select all that apply.
- A. Access to care depends only on the ability to pay, not the availability of services.
- B. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act provides private health care insurance to underserved populations.
- C. Every health insurance plan in the Health Insurance Marketplace offers comprehensive coverage, from doctors to medications to hospital visits.
- D. The uninsured pay for more than one third of their care out of pocket and are usually charged lower amounts for their care than the insured pay.
- E. Fifty years ago, half of the doctors in the United States practiced primary care, but today fewer than one in three do.
- F. Quality of care can be defined as the right care for the right person at the right time.
Correct Answer: C,E,F
Rationale: The Health Insurance Marketplace is designed to help people more easily find health insurance that fits their budget. All plans in the Marketplace offer comprehensive coverage, from doctors to medications to hospital visits. There are many fewer primary care providers in the United States than there were 50 years ago. Quality is the right care for the right person at the right time. Access to care depends on both the ability to pay and the availability of services. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act provides Medicaid or subsidized coverage to qualifying people with incomes up to 400% of poverty. The uninsured pay for more than one third of their care out of pocket and are often charged higher amounts for their care than the insured pay.
A nursing student is assisting with nursing care for patients in a primary care center. Based on the setting, what activities will the student expect to perform?
- A. Assisting with major surgery
- B. Performing health assessments
- C. Maintaining patients' function and independence
- D. Maintaining immunization records
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Performing health assessments is a common role of the nurse in a primary care center. Assisting with major surgery is a role of the nurse in the hospital setting. Maintaining patients' function and independence is a role of the nurse in a rehabilitation or extended-care facility, and keeping student immunization records up to date is a role of the school nurse.