Nokea
Observation checklist is the................ of data collection
- A. Tool
- B. Method
- C. Manual
- D. Guideline
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An observation checklist serves as a tool for systematically collecting data during observations.
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Define the following terms: Intervention study
- A. A study where researchers observe natural behaviors.
- B. A study where researchers manipulate variables to assess impact.
- C. A study analyzing past records.
- D. A study based solely on surveys.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intervention studies involve deliberate manipulation of variables by researchers.
What is likely to be the best routinely available data source for each of the following kinds of studies?
- A. Hospital discharge survey
- B. Cancer registries
- C. National Health Survey
- D. Disease registries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cancer registries are dedicated to collecting data on cancer incidence and outcomes, offering the most precise information on cancer morbidity.
What is the RR of dying of lung cancer for smokers versus nonsmokers?
- A. 7
- B. 10.14
- C. 15
- D. 20
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: RR = (Death rate among smokers / Death rate among nonsmokers) = 71 / 7 = 10.14. This indicates that smokers are approximately 10 times more likely to die of lung cancer than nonsmokers.
In Pneumoconiosis all are included except
- A. Asbestosis
- B. Silicosis
- C. Anthracosis
- D. Bagasosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bagasosis is not a type of pneumoconiosis; it is a respiratory condition caused by exposure to sugarcane dust.
Which antibody is at the higher concentration at colostrums?
- A. IgG
- B. IgM
- C. IgA
- D. IgE
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: IgA is the predominant antibody found in colostrum, providing passive immunity to newborns.