Nokea
Off-label use of drugs is:
- A. Illegal
- B. Regulated by the FDA
- C. Permitted with scientific evidence
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choice C is correct because off-label use is legal and common, permitted with scientific backing or clinical judgment, not FDA-regulated post-approval. Choice A is incorrect as it's not illegal. Choice B is wrong because FDA doesn't regulate off-label practice. Choice D is incorrect since only C applies.
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The primary care NP sees a 5-year-old child for a prekindergarten physical examination. The child's parents do not have immunization records, and a local record search does not provide proof of vaccinations, although the parent thinks the child may have had some vaccines several years ago. The NP's initial action will be to:
- A. assume the child is unvaccinated and start the full series.
- B. check titers for all vaccine-preventable diseases.
- C. administer a single dose of each vaccine today.
- D. consult state immunization registry again.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because without records, assuming unvaccinated and starting the series ensures protection. Choice B is incorrect (titers not practical initially). Choice C is wrong (single doses insufficient). Choice D is inaccurate (registry already checked).
Drugs that require refrigeration include:
- A. Insulin
- B. Amoxicillin suspension
- C. Vaccines
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because insulin (protein stability), amoxicillin suspension (post-reconstitution), and vaccines (biological potency) require refrigeration to maintain efficacy, per storage guidelines. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one drug. Choice B is wrong by itself because amoxicillin is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since vaccines are only one group.
Drugs that may cause sedation in the elderly include:
- A. Benzodiazepines
- B. Antihistamines
- C. Opioids
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam), antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), and opioids (e.g., oxycodone) all cause sedation, increasing fall risk in the elderly, per Beers Criteria. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one class. Choice B is wrong by itself because antihistamines are just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since opioids are only one group.
Drugs that may cause sedation in the elderly include:
- A. Benzodiazepines
- B. Antihistamines
- C. Opioids
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam), antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), and opioids (e.g., oxycodone) all cause sedation, increasing fall risk in the elderly, per Beers Criteria. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one class. Choice B is wrong by itself because antihistamines are just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since opioids are only one group.
The current trend toward transitioning NP programs to the doctoral level will mean that:
- A. NPs licensed in one state may practice in other states.
- B. full prescriptive authority will be granted to all NPs with doctoral degrees.
- C. NPs will be better prepared to meet emerging health care needs of patients.
- D. requirements for physician supervision of NPs will be removed in all states.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because doctoral programs aim to better prepare NPs for evolving healthcare needs, per the AACN. Choice A is incorrect as licensure remains state-specific. Choice B is wrong since prescriptive authority depends on state laws. Choice D is inaccurate as supervision rules vary by state.