Nokea
Older school-age children who begin to participate in competitive sports should have a careful evaluation of the
- A. vision
- B. hearing
- C. sexual maturity
- D. cardiovascular system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cardiovascular evaluation is important for children participating in competitive sports.
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A surgical intervention that can cause substantial remission of myasthenia gravis is:
- A. Esophagostomy
- B. Thymectomy
- C. Myomectomy
- D. Spleenectomy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thymectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the thymus gland. The thymus is a key component of the immune system and is believed to play a role in the development of myasthenia gravis (MG). In some cases, particularly in younger patients with early onset MG or with thymoma (a tumor of the thymus), thymectomy can lead to substantial remission of MG symptoms or even a cure. By removing the thymus gland, the abnormal immune response in MG may be reduced, resulting in improved muscle strength and decreased symptoms. It is worth noting that thymectomy is not always indicated for all patients with MG and should be considered on a case-by-case basis in consultation with a healthcare provider specialized in neuromuscular diseases.
One of the side effects of INH administration is peripheral neuropathy. To prevent this effect, Nurse Carlos teaches Andrew to:
- A. have a strict low cholesterol diet
- B. get extra bed rest 
- C. supplement the diet with pyridoxine
- D. avoid excessive sun exposure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pyridoxine, also known as vitamin B6, is necessary for the prevention of INH-induced peripheral neuropathy. INH can lead to a deficiency of vitamin B6 in the body, which in turn can cause nerve damage and peripheral neuropathy. By supplementing the diet with pyridoxine, the risk of developing peripheral neuropathy as a side effect of INH administration can be minimized. It is an important preventive measure recommended for those undergoing treatment with INH to ensure the proper functioning of the nervous system and prevent nerve damage.
Once admitted to hospital the physician indicates that Mr. Gubatan is a paraplegic. The family asks the nurse what that means. The nurse explains that:
- A. Upper extremities are paralyzed
- B. Both lower and upper extremities are
- C. Lower extremities are paralyzed paralyzed
- D. One side of the body is paralyzed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Paraplegia is a condition characterized by the paralysis of both lower extremities. It does not affect the upper extremities or one side of the body specifically. When someone is described as a paraplegic, it means they have lost function and sensation in their lower limbs, usually due to a spinal cord injury or disease affecting the lower part of the spinal cord. This term helps provide a specific understanding of the type and location of the paralysis in the body.
The nurse should teach parents that which age is safe to give infants whole milk instead of commercial infant formula?
- A. 6 months
- B. 9 months
- C. 12 months
- D. 18 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends introducing whole milk to infants at around 12 months of age. This is because before the age of one, babies need the nutrients and fat found in breast milk, infant formula, or fortified toddler milk. Whole milk is a good source of fat and vitamin D for babies over 12 months old, but it is not recommended for younger infants as it does not have the appropriate balance of nutrients they need for healthy development. Introducing whole milk too early may also increase the risk of certain health issues such as iron deficiency anemia.
The nurse is admitting a school-age child in acute renal failure with reduced glomerular filtration rate. Which urine test is the most useful clinical indication of glomerular filtration rate?
- A. pH
- B. Osmolality
- C. Creatinine
- D. Protein level
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism that is normally filtered by the glomerulus in the kidneys and excreted in urine. The level of creatinine in the urine is a direct reflection of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). As GFR decreases in conditions such as acute renal failure, the amount of creatinine excreted in the urine also decreases. Therefore, measuring creatinine levels in the urine is a useful clinical indication of the glomerular filtration rate and kidney function. pH, osmolality, and protein level may provide additional information but are not as directly linked to GFR as creatinine levels.