Community Health HESI 2023 Quizlet

Community Health HESI 2023 Quizlet Related

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On a day when the temperature is expected to drop below freezing during the night, the nurse is asked to determine which homeless adults are most in need of the limited spaces available in a shelter. It is most important for which person to be admitted at night?

  • A. an adult who was hit by a car 3 weeks ago
  • B. a young person with diabetes mellitus
  • C. a middle-aged person who has hypertension
  • D. an older person who is malnourished
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Malnourished individuals are at higher risk of severe complications from cold exposure due to their weakened immune system and decreased ability to regulate body temperature. This places them at a greater risk of hypothermia and other cold-related conditions, making them the most vulnerable group in need of shelter. Choice A is not the most critical as the injury is from 3 weeks ago and should have received appropriate medical care by now. Choice B, a young person with diabetes mellitus, while vulnerable, can manage their condition with proper medication and care. Choice C, a middle-aged person with hypertension, may need monitoring but is less susceptible to immediate harm from cold exposure compared to a malnourished individual.

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The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which instruction should the nurse include?

  • A. Take levothyroxine (Synthroid) at bedtime.
  • B. Increase fiber intake to prevent constipation.
  • C. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
  • D. Take a double dose if a dose is missed.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism is to take the medication on an empty stomach. This is important because taking levothyroxine on an empty stomach ensures better absorption of the medication. Choice A, taking levothyroxine at bedtime, is incorrect as it does not promote optimal absorption. Choice B, increasing fiber intake to prevent constipation, is important but not the priority when it comes to medication administration. Choice D, taking a double dose if a dose is missed, is dangerous and should never be advised as it can lead to overdose and serious side effects.

The nurse is conducting a process evaluation of a prevention education program for older adults who are at risk for substance abuse. Which data source provides the information the nurse needs to conduct this process evaluation?

  • A. client's score on an alcohol screening instrument
  • B. results of a urine drug and alcohol screen
  • C. most recent community census data
  • D. documentation of client education in the nursing record
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Documentation of client education in the nursing record provides information on the implementation and progress of the educational program, which is crucial for evaluating its process. Choices A and B focus on individual client assessment rather than program evaluation. Choice C, community census data, is not directly related to evaluating the process of the prevention education program for older adults at risk for substance abuse.

The nurse is caring for a client with cirrhosis of the liver. Which laboratory result requires immediate intervention?

  • A. Serum albumin of 3.5 g/dL.
  • B. Prothrombin time (PT) of 12 seconds.
  • C. Hemoglobin of 10 g/dL.
  • D. Serum ammonia level of 180 mcg/dL.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the serum ammonia level of 180 mcg/dL. An elevated serum ammonia level indicates hepatic dysfunction and can lead to hepatic encephalopathy, which is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention. Options A, B, and C are within normal ranges or slightly abnormal values for clients with cirrhosis and do not pose an immediate threat. Serum albumin levels may indicate malnutrition, prothrombin time may reflect liver synthetic function, and hemoglobin levels can be affected by various factors but do not require immediate intervention in this scenario.

The healthcare provider is caring for a client with a urinary tract infection. Which finding requires immediate intervention?

  • A. Dysuria.
  • B. Hematuria.
  • C. Fever.
  • D. Urinary frequency.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Fever can indicate a severe infection, such as pyelonephritis, in a client with a urinary tract infection and requires immediate intervention. Hematuria and dysuria are common symptoms of a urinary tract infection but may not always require immediate intervention unless severe. Urinary frequency is also a common symptom and does not indicate the severity of the infection as fever does.

The instructor is teaching a prenatal class about the importance of folic acid. Which outcome indicates that the teaching was effective?

  • A. participants can list foods high in folic acid
  • B. participants plan to take folic acid supplements daily
  • C. participants understand the risks of folic acid deficiency
  • D. participants demonstrate how to read nutrition labels for folic acid content
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because planning to take folic acid supplements daily is a proactive step towards preventing folic acid deficiency and reducing the risk of neural tube defects in pregnancy. While choice A is important for dietary knowledge, the direct action of taking supplements is more effective. Choice C, understanding the risks, is good but does not ensure action. Choice D, reading nutrition labels, is helpful but doesn't guarantee intake of folic acid.

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