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On a home visit, the nurse notes that the parents require teaching intervention to protect the 15-month-old child who lives there. What observation would lead the nurse to this conclusion?
- A. The fireplace has a screen.
- B. The dining room table has a tablecloth on it.
- C. There are paintings on the wall.
- D. The kitchen floor is clean but not shiny.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A tablecloth presents a safety hazard because the curious toddler will reach up and pull on it. The toddler could be injured if items on the table are moved when the tablecloth is pulled.
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What could the nurse recommend to a child's mother to encourage a toddler to practice independence?
- A. Offer a variety of items to choose from to stimulate his mind.
- B. Allow the child to determine his own daily routine.
- C. Offer him a choice between two items.
- D. Set the routine herself, but discuss with her toddler how he or she would have done it differently.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The toddler can be allowed to make choices as the situation warrants, but the number of choices should be limited because too many confuse the toddler.
A parent remarks, 'My 18-month-old daughter carries her blanket around everywhere. Is this normal?' What is the best explanation a nurse who has an understanding of toddler development might give?
- A. She carries her blanket because she is ritualistic.
- B. Carrying her favorite blanket is self-consoling behavior.
- C. This behavior can be discouraged by offering new toys to the child.
- D. This could be indicative of emotional distress.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Favorite possessions and repetitive rituals are self-consoling behaviors for the toddler.
Parents of a toddler are discussing the emotion of fear with the pediatric nurse. What information can the nurse offer regarding fear and the toddler? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Stress increases fear.
- B. Rituals help deal with fear.
- C. Teasing the child can decrease fear.
- D. Once fear is learned it is difficult to eliminate.
- E. Adults should openly share their fears.
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Once a fear has been learned, it is more difficult to eliminate. Clinging to favorite possessions and repetitive rituals are self-consoling behaviors for the toddler, particularly at bedtime and during separation from parents. Stress increases fear of separation.
A 16-month-old child is attending a well-child visit at a pediatric clinic. Which assessment would indicate the biggest cause for concern?
- A. Does not walk independently
- B. Prefers finger feeding
- C. Limited to single words
- D. Is unable to climb steps
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A child should be walking independently by 16 months. It is normal for a child this age to prefer finger feeding and to be limited to single words.
What would the nurse assessing growth and development of a 2-year-old child expect to find?
- A. The child jumps with both feet.
- B. Twenty deciduous teeth have erupted.
- C. The child can hop on one foot.
- D. The child has a vocabulary of 900 words.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The 2-year-old child can jump with both feet. The remaining achievements occur after 2 years of age.