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On the fourth day after surgery, a client has a postoperative wound infection. Which of the following should the nurse assess? Select all that apply.
- A. Total white blood count (WBC) 10,000/mm³.
- B. Redness and swelling beyond the incision line.
- C. Temperature of 102°F (38.9°C).
- D. Client reports of pain at the incision site.
- E. Warmth at the incision site.
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Signs of wound infection include redness/swelling (B), fever (C), pain (D), and warmth (E). A WBC of 10,000/mm³ (A) is normal and not indicative of infection.
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When beginning I.V. erythropoietin (Epogen, Procrit) therapy, the nurse should do which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Checking the hemoglobin levels before administering subsequent doses.
- B. Shaking the vial thoroughly to mix the concentrated white, milky solution.
- C. Keeping the multidose vial refrigerated between scheduled twice-a-day doses.
- D. Administering the medication through the I.V. line without other medications.
- E. Adjusting the initial doses according to the client's changes in blood pressure.
- F. Educating the client to avoid driving and performing hazardous activity during the initial treatment.
Correct Answer: A,C,D,F
Rationale: For IV erythropoietin therapy, the nurse should check hemoglobin levels to monitor response and prevent overcorrection, keep multidose vials refrigerated to maintain stability, administer without mixing with other medications to avoid interactions, and educate about avoiding hazardous activities due to potential side effects like dizziness. Shaking the vial can denature the protein, and dose adjustments are typically based on hematologic response, not blood pressure.
What diet should be implemented for a client who is in the early stages of cirrhosis?
- A. High-calorie, high-carbohydrate.
- B. High-protein, low-fat.
- C. Low-fat, low-protein.
- D. High-carbohydrate, low-sodium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A high-calorie, high-carbohydrate diet (A) supports energy needs in early cirrhosis without overloading the liver. High-protein (B) risks encephalopathy, low-fat, low-protein (C) is too restrictive, and low-sodium (D) is for later stages with ascites.
Which assessment is critical for a client with a recent stroke?
- A. Swallowing ability.
- B. Blood glucose.
- C. Cholesterol levels.
- D. Joint mobility.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assessing swallowing ability is critical to prevent aspiration in stroke patients.
A client has been in the position shown in the figure for surgery. The nurse should document that the client has been in which of the following positions?
- A. Reverse Trendelenburg.
- B. Low Fowler’s.
- C. High lithotomy.
- D. Prone.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client is in the lithotomy position. The reverse Trendelenburg position is when the client is lying supine with the head lower than the rest of the body. A low Fowler’s position is when the client is sitting up at a 30- to 45-degree angle. The prone position is when the client is lying face down.
In preparing the client and the family for a postoperative stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) after open heart surgery, the nurse should explain that:
- A. The client will remain in the ICU for 5 days.
- B. The client will sleep most of the time while in the ICU.
- C. Noise and activity within the ICU are minimal.
- D. The client will receive medication to relieve pain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pain management is a priority post-open heart surgery, and clients receive medications to ensure comfort in the ICU.