Nokea
One of the most critical needs of the infant is control of body temperature. The nurse caring for a newborn warms all equipment that comes in direct contact with the newborn to help prevent which type of heat loss?
- A. Convection
- B. Evaporation
- C. Conduction
- D. Radiation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is Conduction (choice C). Conduction heat loss occurs when the newborn's skin comes into direct contact with a cooler surface, so warming equipment helps prevent this. Choice A, Convection, is the transfer of heat through air or water currents, not direct contact. Choice B, Evaporation, is the loss of heat through moisture on the skin evaporating, not direct contact. Choice D, Radiation, is the transfer of heat in the form of waves or particles, not direct contact.
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The nurse is providing education to the parent of a child with Beta-thalassemia. Which risk factors about the condition should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Hypertrophy of the thyroid
- B. Polycythemia vera
- C. Thrombocytopenia
- D. Chronic hypoxia and iron overload
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chronic hypoxia and iron overload. Children with Beta-thalassemia often suffer from chronic hypoxia due to ineffective erythropoiesis and require frequent blood transfusions, leading to iron overload. These complications must be managed to prevent organ damage. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Hypertrophy of the thyroid, polycythemia vera, and thrombocytopenia are not direct risk factors associated with Beta-thalassemia. Therefore, they should not be included in the teaching regarding this condition.
The nurse is planning care for a patient with a different ethnic background. Which should be an appropriate goal?
- A. Adapt, as necessary, ethnic practices to health needs
- B. Attempt, in a nonjudgmental way, to change ethnic beliefs
- C. Encourage continuation of ethnic practices in the hospital setting
- D. Strive to keep ethnic background from influencing health needs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adapting ethnic practices to health needs respects the patient's cultural background while ensuring that care is effective and culturally sensitive.
A 3-year-old child was adopted immediately after birth. The parents have just asked the nurse how they should tell the child that she is adopted. Which guideline concerning adoption should the nurse use in planning a response?
- A. It is best to wait until the child asks about it.
- B. The best time to tell the child is between the ages of 7 and 10 years.
- C. It is not necessary to tell a child who was adopted so young.
- D. Telling the child is an important aspect of their parental responsibilities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is important to tell children about their adoption early, in an age-appropriate manner, as part of building trust and openness in the family relationship.
A child diagnosed with aplastic anemia is admitted to the hospital. The parents ask the nurse what aplastic anemia is. Which response by the nurse is accurate?
- A. Aplastic anemia causes a proliferation of white blood cells.
- B. Aplastic anemia is characterized by abnormally shaped red blood cells.
- C. Aplastic anemia is caused by the bone marrow producing inadequate cells.
- D. Aplastic anemia is a disorder that occurs after a viral illness.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aplastic anemia is a condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, leading to pancytopenia. This can result in fatigue, infections, and bleeding tendencies. It is not characterized by abnormal red blood cell shapes, but rather by a reduction in the production of blood cells. Therefore, the accurate response is that aplastic anemia is caused by the bone marrow producing inadequate cells. Choices A and B are incorrect as aplastic anemia does not cause a proliferation of white blood cells or involve abnormally shaped red blood cells. Choice D is incorrect as aplastic anemia is not typically a disorder that occurs after a viral illness.
How is family systems theory best described?
- A. The family is viewed as the sum of individual members
- B. A change in one family member cannot create a change in other members
- C. Individual family members are readily identified as the source of a problem
- D. When the family system is disrupted, change can occur at any point in the system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Family systems theory views the family as a whole, where changes in one member affect the entire system, and changes can occur at any point within the system.