Nokea
Ophthalmoscopic examination of a 40-year-old carpenter reveals a triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva across the outer surface of the cornea. This condition is termed:
- A. Corneal arcus
- B. Corneal scar
- C. Pterygium
- D. Cataract
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pterygium is a growth of the conjunctiva over the cornea.
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A pulsating mass may be an indication of...
- A. Strangulated hernia
- B. Incarcerated hernia
- C. AAA
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pulsating mass can indicate an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), which is a critical condition.
An 82-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus presents after collapsing at home. What diagnostic test should be done first?
- A. Complete blood count and basic metabolic panel
- B. A STAT noncontrast head computed tomography (CT)
- C. A two-dimensional echocardiogram
- D. Urinalysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Noncontrast CT is essential for evaluating potential stroke.
What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the human body?
- A. Regulating blood sugar levels
- B. Maintaining body temperature
- C. Producing hormones that control the pituitary gland
- D. Processing sensory information
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The hypothalamus plays a key role in regulating the endocrine system, particularly through its control of the pituitary gland.
What further diagnostic steps are required for the seven patients receiving atypical antipsychotics?
- A. All patients should receive 1 week of actigraphy monitoring both on and off their current antipsychotic.
- B. All patients should be immediately referred for cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI).
- C. All patients should receive referral to both psychiatry and neurology, neuroimaging, and screening polysomnography to identify underlying sleep disorder.
- D. Unless there is an underlying suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or other sleep disorder, these patients already meet criteria for irregular sleep-wake phase disorder, and no further diagnostic steps are required.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Comprehensive diagnostic steps involving psychiatry, neurology, and neuroimaging are necessary to assess underlying conditions and ensure proper management.
Risk factors for elder mistreatment include all except:
- A. Physical disability of patient
- B. Dementia of patient
- C. Caregiver burden
- D. Substance abuse of caregiver
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Financial independence of the caregiver is not a recognized risk factor for elder mistreatment.