Nokea
Out of the following, which is a flat bone?
- A. Patella
- B. Shoulder blade
- C. Hand bone
- D. Thigh bone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Patella. The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a flat bone located in the front of the knee joint. It serves to protect the knee joint and improve the leverage of the quadriceps muscles during movement. The other choices, such as the shoulder blade (B), hand bone (C), and thigh bone (D), are not flat bones. The shoulder blade is a scapula, a flat and triangular bone. The hand bone refers to the metacarpal and phalanges, which are long bones. The thigh bone is the femur, a long bone in the upper leg. The patella's unique flat shape and location make it the correct choice.
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The nurse documents which finding as expected on inspection of the anus?
- A. Skin tone darker and coarser than that of the surrounding skin
- B. Sphincter lightly closed when the patient is relaxed
- C. Large amount of stiff, curling hair surrounding the anus
- D. Slight protrusion under the skin when the patient strains or bears down
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the normal skin tone of the anus is typically slightly darker and coarser than the surrounding skin due to increased melanin concentration. This is a result of the natural pigmentation of the area.
Choice B is incorrect because the sphincter should be relaxed during inspection, not lightly closed. Choice C is incorrect as a large amount of stiff, curling hair surrounding the anus is not an expected finding. Choice D is incorrect as a slight protrusion under the skin when the patient strains or bears down could indicate hemorrhoids, which are not considered normal.
The nurse monitors a client who has gone through an endoscopic examination. Following a culdoscopy, what does a nurse need to observe for in this client?
- A. The nurse observes the client for any discomfort in the shoulders.
- B. The nurse observes the client for the signs of internal bleeding and the symptoms of shock.
- C. The nurse observes the client for changes in skin color and for any rise in body temperature.
- D. The nurse observes the quantity and frequency of urinary output.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Discomfort in the shoulders is a common side effect after culdoscopy due to gas insufflation.
What results from spermiogenesis? ________.
- A. four spermatogonia
- B. emission
- C. four spermatids
- D. menses
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spermiogenesis is the process of spermatid maturation into spermatozoa. During this process, each spermatid transforms into a single sperm cell. Therefore, the correct answer is C: four spermatids, as spermiogenesis results in the formation of four mature sperm cells from each spermatid.
A: Four spermatogonia are the cells that undergo mitosis to produce spermatocytes, not the result of spermiogenesis.
B: Emission refers to the release of semen during ejaculation, not the result of spermiogenesis.
D: Menses is the shedding of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle in females, not related to spermiogenesis.
Twins resulting from the fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cell are called:
- A. Paternal twins
- B. Maternal twins
- C. Fraternal twins
- D. Identical twins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fraternal twins. Fraternal twins result from the fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cells, leading to siblings who share 50% of their genetic material. This is different from identical twins (choice D), which result from the fertilization of a single egg by a single sperm cell, leading to siblings who share 100% of their genetic material. Choices A and B are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the process of fraternal twinning. Paternal twins (choice A) and maternal twins (choice B) are not commonly used terms in genetics to describe types of twinning.
What is not a true statement concerning the vagina?
- A. The vagina serves as the birth canal.
- B. The distal end of the vagina is partially enclosed by the hymen.
- C. The vagina is the female organ of copulation.
- D. The innermost lining of the vagina sloughs off periodically.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the innermost lining of the vagina does not slough off periodically like the uterine lining does during menstruation. The vaginal lining is composed of stratified squamous epithelium that does not undergo the shedding process seen in the endometrium. This is important for maintaining the integrity and functionality of the vagina. Choices A, B, and C are true statements about the vagina. A: The vagina serves as the birth canal. B: The distal end of the vagina is partially enclosed by the hymen. C: The vagina is the female organ of copulation.