Nokea
Outline four (4) causes of obstructed labour:
- A. Fetal macrosomia
- B. Malpresentation
- C. Pelvic abnormalities
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Fetal macrosomia, malpresentation, and pelvic abnormalities are all known causes of obstructed labor. Fetal macrosomia refers to a large baby, which can lead to difficulty in passing through the birth canal. Malpresentation occurs when the baby is not positioned optimally for delivery, such as breech or transverse positions. Pelvic abnormalities, such as a contracted pelvis, can impede the baby's passage during labor. Therefore, selecting option D is appropriate as it encompasses all the major causes of obstructed labor. Choices A, B, and C are not individually comprehensive enough to cover all potential causes of obstructed labor.
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When caring for a mother following an assisted vaginal delivery, it’s MOST important to remember that
- A. A vacuum extractor is safer than forceps because it causes less trauma to the baby & the mother’s perineum
- B. The baby will develop a cephalhematoma as a result of the instrumentation which is a normal expected outcome
- C. The use of instruments during the birth process is a fairly rare occurrence for women
- D. Additional nursing interventions are needed to ensure an uncomplicated postpartum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because additional nursing interventions are necessary to ensure an uncomplicated postpartum period. After an assisted vaginal delivery, the mother may experience increased pain, perineal trauma, and a higher risk of postpartum hemorrhage. Nursing interventions such as pain management, wound care, monitoring for signs of infection, and emotional support are crucial for the mother's recovery.
A is incorrect because both vacuum extractors and forceps can cause trauma to the baby and mother's perineum, and the safety of one over the other depends on various factors.
B is incorrect as the development of a cephalhematoma is not a normal expected outcome of assisted vaginal delivery and should be monitored and managed appropriately if it occurs.
C is incorrect as the use of instruments during childbirth, while not as common as spontaneous vaginal deliveries, is not rare and can be necessary in certain situations to ensure the safety of the mother and baby.
Causes of puerperal pyrexia are entirely obstetrically related.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. -
- D. -
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Puerperal pyrexia refers to fever occurring after childbirth.
Step 2: Causes can be obstetric (infection) or non-obstetric (e.g., urinary tract infection).
Step 3: Non-obstetric causes are also common postpartum.
Step 4: Therefore, puerperal pyrexia is not entirely obstetrically related.
Step 5: Hence, the correct answer is B (FALSE).
Mother-to-child transmission of TB organisms never occurs during labor.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. -
- D. -
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: TB can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during labor.
Step 2: The TB bacteria can be present in the mother's respiratory secretions.
Step 3: During labor, the baby can inhale these bacteria and contract TB.
Step 4: Therefore, the statement that mother-to-child transmission of TB organisms never occurs during labor is FALSE.
Summary: Option B is correct because it accurately reflects the possibility of mother-to-child transmission of TB during labor. Option A is incorrect as it contradicts the factual information. Options C and D are not applicable as they provide no information.
What is a common cause of oligohydramnios during pregnancy?
- A. Maternal hypertension
- B. Multiple gestations
- C. Premature rupture of membranes
- D. Fetal macrosomia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Premature rupture of membranes. Oligohydramnios is a condition characterized by low levels of amniotic fluid which can be caused by the premature rupture of membranes, leading to the leakage of amniotic fluid. This condition can result in various complications such as fetal growth restriction and compression of the umbilical cord. Maternal hypertension (choice A) is not a direct cause of oligohydramnios. Multiple gestations (choice B) may lead to polyhydramnios (excessive amniotic fluid) rather than oligohydramnios. Fetal macrosomia (choice D) is associated with increased amniotic fluid levels rather than decreased levels seen in oligohydramnios.
The PRIORITY health message to share with a client in the recovery room immediately following cesarean section includes
- A. Frequent coughing & deep breathing
- B. Importance of perineal self-care
- C. Importance of early ambulation
- D. Signs of puerperal infections
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Importance of early ambulation. After a cesarean section, early ambulation is crucial to prevent complications like blood clots and promote circulation. It helps prevent post-operative complications. Choice A is important for respiratory health but not the priority right after surgery. Choice B focuses on perineal care which is important but not the immediate priority. Choice D is important, but recognizing signs of infection can wait until the client is more stable. Early ambulation is key to preventing complications and aiding in recovery.