Nokea
Outline the process of speciation
- A. Speciation is the splitting of species into two species
- B. Reproductive isolation/lack of interbreeding
- C. Isolation due to geography/reproductive behaviour/reproductive timing
- D. Gene pools separated
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Speciation involves reproductive isolation (B), preventing gene flow between populations, leading to new species. Splitting (A) is the outcome, not the process. Isolation factors (C) are mechanisms, not the core. Gene pool separation (D) is a result. B is correct. Rationale: Reproductive isolation, via geographic, behavioral, or temporal barriers, is the foundational process of speciation, driving genetic divergence over time, per evolutionary biology. This distinguishes it from outcomes or mechanisms, ensuring species evolve independently, as seen in Darwin's finches or allopatric speciation models.
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What are the primary purposes for conducting research in nursing?
- A. Decrease the number of illnesses in the population
- B. Improve NCLEX pass rates
- C. Provide a basis for best practice guidelines
- D. Develop new ways to improve assessment and diagnostic skills
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nursing research aims to enhance the profession's impact on patient care through targeted purposes. Providing a basis for best practice guidelines is central, as research synthesizes evidence like clinical reviews into actionable standards, ensuring care is effective and current. Developing new ways to improve assessment and diagnostic skills sharpens nurses' ability to identify and address client needs, driving innovative tools or techniques. It also supports evaluating care, offering resources to measure intervention success, and informs planning by setting evidence-based goals. Decreasing illnesses aligns more with medical research, while improving NCLEX pass rates pertains to education, not research's core. These purposes collectively advance nursing knowledge, refine practice, and elevate client outcomes, grounding the profession in science rather than tradition or assumption.
Which of the following statement is TRUE about informed consent?
- A. A one time procedure
- B. The nurse can sign for the client
- C. The client needs to understand the procedure
- D. Not needed in emergency cases
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A client with dysphagia and at risk for aspiration needs care planning. Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Encourage the client to drink thickened liquids.
- B. Instruct the client to swallow with chin tucked.
- C. Provide the client with a cup with a lid.
- D. Place the client in Fowler's position for meals.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
The nurse is providing endotracheal suctioning to a client who is mechanically ventilated, when the client becomes restless and tachycardic. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Notify the health care provider as soon as possible.
- B. Contact the respiratory department to suction the client.
- C. Hyperoxygenate and hyperventilate the client with an Ambu bag and resuction.
- D. Monitor vital signs and discontinue attempts at suctioning until the client is stabilized.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Restlessness and tachycardia during suctioning suggest hypoxia or distress; discontinuing suctioning and monitoring vital signs (D) is the priority to stabilize the client. Notifying the provider (A) or respiratory (B) delays immediate action. Hyperoxygenating and resuctioning (C) risks worsening hypoxia. D is correct. Rationale: Stopping suctioning halts oxygen depletion, allowing recovery, while monitoring guides further intervention, a standard response per airway management protocols. This prevents complications like arrhythmias or desaturation, prioritizing patient safety over premature escalation or repeated procedures in an unstable state.
Which of the following is an expected reaction from a client who has just been told by the physician that his tumor is malignant and has metastasis in to several organs?
- A. Crying uncontrollably
- B. Criticizing medical care
- C. Refusing to visit visitors
- D. Asking for additional medical consultations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A malignant, metastatic diagnosis often triggers grief's depression stage (Kübler-Ross), with crying as a natural emotional release. Criticism, withdrawal, or seeking consultations may reflect denial or bargaining, less immediate than sorrow. Nurses expect and support this reaction, offering empathy and presence, facilitating coping as patients process a life-altering prognosis, critical for emotional care.