Nokea
Over a patient's lifespan, how does the pulse rate change?
- A. starts out fast and decreases as the patient ages.
- B. starts out slower and increases as the patient ages.
- C. varies from slow to fast throughout the lifespan.
- D. stays consistent from birth to death.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is that the pulse rate starts out fast and decreases as the patient ages. In infants, the normal pulse rate is around 140 beats per minute, which then falls to an average of 80 beats per minute in adults. As individuals age, their pulse rate tends to decrease due to changes in cardiovascular function. Choice B is incorrect as the pulse rate typically decreases with age, rather than increases. Choice C is incorrect as there is a general trend of decreasing pulse rate as individuals age, rather than a continuous variation. Choice D is incorrect as the pulse rate does change over a patient's lifespan, starting fast in infants and decreasing as they age.
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What is the best outcome for a patient with the nursing diagnosis: Impaired social interaction related to sociocultural dissonance, as evidenced by stating, "Although I'd like to, I don't join in because I don't speak the language very well?"? The patient will:
- A. demonstrate improved social skills
- B. express a desire to interact with others
- C. become more independent in decision-making
- D. select and participate in one group activity per day
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct outcome for the patient with impaired social interaction related to sociocultural dissonance is to select and participate in one group activity per day. This outcome focuses on increasing social involvement, which aligns with addressing the nursing diagnosis. The patient has already expressed a desire to interact with others, so the goal is to facilitate actual participation in social activities. Becoming more independent in decision-making and demonstrating improved social skills are not directly related to the specific nursing diagnosis provided. Additionally, the outcomes must be measurable, making choices A and C less appropriate as they lack specificity and measurability.
What is the most useful patient position for proctologic exams?
- A. Trendelenburg
- B. Semi-Fowler's
- C. Full Fowler's
- D. Jack Knife
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Jack Knife position is the most useful for proctologic exams as it allows the patient to lie face down while keeping the buttocks elevated, providing optimal access for the examination. The Trendelenburg position, characterized by the body being laid flat with the feet higher than the head, is not suitable for proctologic exams. Semi-Fowler's and Full Fowler's positions are typically utilized for respiratory or cardiovascular conditions and are not ideal for proctologic examinations due to their lack of optimal access to the perianal area.
What is the flap of tissue that covers the trachea upon swallowing called?
- A. Epidermis
- B. Endocardium
- C. Epiglottis
- D. Epistaxis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epiglottis. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the trachea when swallowing to prevent food or liquid from entering the airway. Choice A, Epidermis, is the outer layer of the skin and is not related to the trachea. Choice B, Endocardium, is the inner lining of the heart chambers and is also unrelated to the trachea. Choice D, Epistaxis, refers to a nosebleed and is not the correct term for the tissue covering the trachea.
What does the medical term 'basophilia' refer to?
- A. An attachment of the epithelial cells of the skin to a basement membrane
- B. An overabundance of a particular white blood cell in the peripheral blood
- C. An underrepresentation of basophils on a blood smear
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'An overabundance of a particular white blood cell in the peripheral blood.' Basophilia specifically indicates an increased number of basophils in the peripheral blood. It can be observed in conditions like leukemia and certain allergic reactions. Choice A is incorrect as it describes something unrelated to basophilia. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a decrease in basophils, which is opposite to the actual meaning of basophilia. Choice D is also incorrect as basophilia does have a defined medical significance.
Which of the following is one of the three smallest bones in the body?
- A. Vomer
- B. Distal phalanx of the small toe
- C. Stapes
- D. Coccyx
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The stapes, along with the malleus and incus, are the three smallest bones in the human body. These bones are located in the inner ear and play a crucial role in hearing. The vomer is a bone in the nasal cavity and is not one of the smallest bones. The distal phalanx of the small toe is relatively larger and not among the smallest bones. The coccyx, also known as the tailbone, is not one of the smallest bones in the body.