Oxygen radicals play a role in the development of which of the following options?
- A. Diabetic dyslipidaemia
- B. Insulin resistance
- C. Mitochondrial dysfunction
- D. B+C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxygen radicals torch cells insulin resistance via inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction via damage. Dyslipidaemia rides along, not direct nurses see this duo, a chronic stress pair.
You may also like to solve these questions
The blood glucose level rises after meals. This glucose is stored in various organs under the influence of insulin. Question: During the postprandial period, most glucose is stored in which tissue?
- A. Intestinal tissue
- B. Liver tissue
- C. Muscle tissue
- D. Fat tissue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-meal glucose floods muscle insulin shoves it there, 60% of the haul, a chronic storehouse. Liver grabs next, fat lags, intestines pass nurses track this, a bulk uptake king.
The nurse is orienting a new nurse to the oncology unit. When reviewing the safe administration of antineoplastic agents, what action should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Adjust the dose to the patient's present symptoms
- B. Wash hands with an alcohol-based cleanser following administration
- C. Use gloves and a lab coat when preparing the medication
- D. Dispose of the antineoplastic wastes in the hazardous waste receptacle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antineoplastics are hazardous proper disposal in designated receptacles is critical to protect staff, patients, and the environment from toxic exposure. Gloves and gowns are standard for prep, but the question stresses one action, and disposal trumps as a universal safety net. Dosing's fixed by protocol, not symptoms tweaking's dangerous. Alcohol-based cleansers don't cut it post-exposure; soap and water are needed pre- and post-handling to remove residue. Emphasizing disposal aligns with OSHA and oncology nursing standards, ensuring chemo waste (e.g., IV bags, syringes) doesn't leak into regular trash, a key lesson for newbies in this high-stakes field.
The New York Heart Association functional class has four grades and is used to assess severity of CHF and impact on QOL. Class III is described as:
- A. Slight impairment of physical activity: comfortable at rest but ordinary activity results in fatigue and palpitations
- B. Unable to carry out any physical activity without discomfort: symptoms of CHF are present even at rest with increased discomfort with any physical activity
- C. No limitation: ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue, dyspnoea or palpitations
- D. Marked limitation of physical activity: comfortable at rest but less than ordinary activity results in symptoms
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: NYHA Class III big limits; rest's fine, but small moves spark symptoms, a QOL hit. Slight's I; none's 0; all-out's IV. Nurses gauge this, a chronic heart's midway bind.
Early Goal Directed Therapy in severe sepsis and septic shock (Rivers et al) does NOT recommend:
- A. hydrocortisone 100 mg QID
- B. maintaining mixed venous oxygen saturation measurement >70%
- C. maintaining CVP between 8-12 mmHg
- D. using inotropes to keep MAP >65 mmHg<90 mmHg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rivers' sepsis hydrocortisone's out, SvO2, CVP, MAP, dobutamine hold. Nurses skip this chronic steroid sidestep.
What is the essence of motivational interviewing?
- A. That change strategies must exactly match the patient's motivation
- B. That behavioural change is impossible if the patient does not want it
- C. That the counsellor motivates the patient to change and increases patient involvement
- D. That the patient's motives to show unhealthy behaviour are systematically analysed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Motivational interviewing counsellor sparks, pulls patients in, not rigid matches, impossibles, or motive digs. Nurses roll this, a chronic engagement art.