Nokea
Pancreatic acinar cells, the following is true except:
- A. Contain basal basophilic striations
- B. Have receptors for cholecystokinin (secreted by enteroendocrine cells in intestine)
- C. Have receptors for cholecystokinin acetyl choline (for autonomic control)
- D. Secrete pepsinogen enzyme for protein digestion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pancreatic acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes like amylase and lipase, not pepsinogen, which is from gastric chief cells.
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A 70-year-old male patient is experiencing symptoms of constipation, bloating, and abdominal discomfort. Physical examination reveals visible distension of the abdomen, and a contrast study shows dilation of the large intestine. Which of the following motility disorders is the most probable cause of the patient's symptoms?
- A. Excessive peristalsis in the large intestine
- B. Impaired segmentation in the small intestine
- C. Reduced peristalsis in the large intestine
- D. Excessive segmentation in the small intestine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reduced peristalsis in the large intestine slows transit, leading to constipation, bloating, and dilation, as seen in the contrast study.
Match each term with the correct description: tubes that lead from each kidney to the bladder
- A. urethra
- B. urinary system
- C. ureters
- D. kidneys
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ureters are tubes transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
A compound called Bilirubin gives bile its colour. Where does it come from?
- A. It is a break down product of haemoglobin
- B. It is produced by the liver to help digestion
- C. It is the break down product of fats
- D. It is produced by the intestine to help digestion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bilirubin is a breakdown product of hemoglobin from red blood cells, processed by the liver and excreted in bile.
Formation of gallstones is referred to as:
- A. jaundice
- B. cirrhosis
- C. hepatitis
- D. cholelithiasis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cholelithiasis is the medical term for the formation of gallstones.
How should the student explain the normal function of the pancreas in the process of digestion?
- A. Produces enzymes for digestion
- B. Stores bile
- C. Secretes gastrin
- D. Absorbs nutrients
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pancreas produces digestive enzymes (e.g., trypsin, amylase) for breaking down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.