Nokea
Paralysis of all or part of the trunk, legs, and pelvic organs is referred to as:
- A. Hemiplegia
- B. Tetraplegia
- C. Paraplegia
- D. Hemiparesis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Paraplegia. Paraplegia refers to the paralysis of the lower half of the body, including both legs and often the trunk and pelvic organs. This term specifically indicates paralysis below the waist. Hemiplegia (A) refers to paralysis on one side of the body, not the trunk and legs. Tetraplegia (B) is paralysis of all four limbs and the trunk, not specifically the trunk, legs, and pelvic organs. Hemiparesis (D) is weakness on one side of the body, not a complete paralysis of the trunk, legs, and pelvic organs.
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Which fluid is used in the management of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) loss and burns?
- A. Ringer's lactate
- B. Normal saline
- C. Dextrose
- D. Blood
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ringer's lactate. Ringer's lactate is used in managing GIT loss and burns due to its balanced electrolyte composition, which closely resembles the electrolyte content of plasma. It helps replace lost fluids and maintain electrolyte balance. Normal saline (B) lacks bicarbonate and may lead to metabolic acidosis. Dextrose (C) provides energy but does not address fluid and electrolyte losses. Blood (D) is not typically used for fluid resuscitation in these cases unless there is severe hemorrhage.
Which best describes a key component of health literacy?
- A. Understanding medical terminology
- B. Reading and comprehending health information
- C. Accessing health care services
- D. Navigating the health care system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Reading and comprehending health information. Health literacy involves the ability to understand and use health information to make informed decisions. By being able to read and comprehend health information, individuals can better manage their health and navigate the healthcare system effectively. Understanding medical terminology (A) is important but not the sole focus of health literacy. Accessing health care services (C) is a component of healthcare access, not health literacy. Navigating the healthcare system (D) is related to health literacy but doesn't encompass the full scope of understanding and utilizing health information.
What is the most effective method for preventing the spread of disease?
- A. Hand hygiene
- B. Vaccination
- C. Quarantine
- D. Use of personal protective equipment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hand hygiene. Proper hand hygiene, including washing hands with soap and water or using hand sanitizer, is the most effective method for preventing the spread of disease. This is because hands can easily pick up and transfer germs from surfaces to our bodies. Regular handwashing can remove these germs and reduce the risk of infection.
Summary of other choices:
B: Vaccination is important in preventing certain diseases but may not be as effective in controlling the immediate spread of a disease outbreak.
C: Quarantine can help contain the spread of disease in specific situations but may not be as universally applicable as hand hygiene.
D: Use of personal protective equipment is crucial in certain settings, but it is not as practical or accessible for the general population compared to practicing good hand hygiene.
The client diagnosed with a mild concussion is being discharged from the emergency department. Which discharge instruction should the nurse teach the client's significant other?
- A. Awaken the client every two (2) hours.
- B. Monitor for increased intracranial pressure.
- C. Observe frequently for hypervigilance.
- D. Offer the client food every three (3) to four (4) hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Awaken the client every two (2) hours. This instruction is important to monitor for any changes in the client's condition, such as worsening symptoms or neurological deficits. By waking the client every two hours, it allows for assessment of responsiveness and orientation. This is crucial in detecting any signs of deterioration or complications post-concussion.
Choice B is incorrect because monitoring for increased intracranial pressure requires specialized equipment and expertise beyond what can be done at home. Choice C is incorrect as hypervigilance is not typically a common concern after a mild concussion. Choice D is incorrect because offering food every three to four hours is not specific to the client's needs post-concussion.
Which statement is incorrect regarding an informed consent signed by a patient?
- A. The nurse is responsible for obtaining the consent for surgery
- B. Patients under 18 years of age may need a parent or legal guardian to sign a consent form
- C. The nurse can witness the client signing the consent form
- D. It is the nurse's responsibility to ensure the patient has been educated by the physician about the procedure before informed consent is obtained
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it is incorrect to state that the nurse is responsible for obtaining the consent for surgery. Informed consent for surgery is typically obtained by the physician performing the procedure, not the nurse. Nurses can assist in the process by providing information and clarifying details, but ultimately it is the physician's responsibility to ensure the patient understands the procedure and consents to it.
Choice B is correct as minors under 18 years of age generally require a parent or legal guardian to sign a consent form on their behalf. Choice C is correct as nurses can witness the client signing the consent form as a part of the process. Choice D is also correct as it is indeed the nurse's responsibility to ensure the patient has been educated by the physician before obtaining informed consent.