Nokea
Parkinson's disease is associated with the loss of which of the following neurotransmitter?
- A. Serotonin
- B. Adrenaline
- C. Dopamine
- D. GABA
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dopamine. Parkinson's disease is primarily caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Dopamine is crucial for controlling movement, mood, and cognition. Serotonin (A) is not directly related to Parkinson's. Adrenaline (B) is involved in the fight-or-flight response, not Parkinson's. GABA (D) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, not typically associated with Parkinson's disease.
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Failure of muscle coordination, including unsteady movements and staggering walk due to disorders in the cerebellum is called:
- A. Anoxia
- B. Dyslexia
- C. Paraplegia
- D. Ataxia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is D: Ataxia. Ataxia refers to the failure of muscle coordination, resulting in unsteady movements and a staggering walk. The cerebellum controls balance and coordination, so disorders in this area can lead to ataxia.
A: Anoxia refers to a lack of oxygen supply to tissues, not related to muscle coordination.
B: Dyslexia is a learning disorder involving difficulty with reading, unrelated to muscle coordination.
C: Paraplegia is paralysis of the lower half of the body, not specifically related to muscle coordination issues seen in ataxia.
Which of the following is an example of a health disparity?
- A. Differences in health outcomes based on geographic location
- B. Differences in health outcomes based on socioeconomic status
- C. Differences in health outcomes based on age
- D. Differences in health outcomes based on genetic factors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Differences in health outcomes based on socioeconomic status. Health disparities refer to variations in health outcomes among different groups, often due to social, economic, and environmental factors. Socioeconomic status greatly influences access to healthcare, healthy living conditions, and resources, leading to disparities in health outcomes.
A: Differences based on geographic location can contribute to health inequities but do not directly address the impact of socioeconomic status on health outcomes.
C: Age-related differences in health outcomes are common but do not necessarily reflect disparities based on social determinants such as income or education.
D: Genetic factors can influence health outcomes, but health disparities typically focus on social determinants rather than biological factors.
Why is cultural competence important in community health nursing?
- A. It helps nurses provide care that is respectful and responsive to the health beliefs and practices of diverse patients.
- B. It mandates all health care providers to undergo cultural training.
- C. It ensures that nurses are knowledgeable about different medical practices.
- D. It prevents nurses from encountering cultural misunderstandings.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because cultural competence in community health nursing enables nurses to provide care that respects and responds to the health beliefs and practices of diverse patients. This is important for building trust, improving communication, and enhancing patient outcomes. Choice B is incorrect because cultural training is not mandatory for all healthcare providers. Choice C is incorrect because cultural competence goes beyond medical practices to encompass understanding and respecting patients' cultural backgrounds. Choice D is incorrect because cultural competence does not prevent misunderstandings, but rather helps nurses navigate and address them effectively.
What is the term for creating a surgical airway in the front of the neck (cervical region) to remove copious secretions?
- A. Bronchoscopy
- B. Tracheostomy
- C. Thoracentesis
- D. Underwater seal drainage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tracheostomy. Tracheostomy involves creating a surgical airway in the front of the neck to remove copious secretions. This procedure allows direct access to the trachea to facilitate breathing and clear secretions. Bronchoscopy (choice A) involves visualizing the airways with a scope, not creating a surgical airway. Thoracentesis (choice C) is a procedure to remove fluid from the chest cavity, not the airway. Underwater seal drainage (choice D) is used for managing chest tube drainage, not creating a surgical airway.
After surgery, your patient starts to shiver uncontrollably. What nursing intervention would you do first?
- A. Apply warm blankets & continue oxygen as prescribed
- B. Take the patient's rectal temperature
- C. Page the doctor for further orders
- D. Adjust the thermostat in the room
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Apply warm blankets & continue oxygen as prescribed. Shivering after surgery indicates the patient is cold due to anesthesia effects. Applying warm blankets helps raise body temperature, reducing shivering. Oxygen is crucial post-surgery. Taking rectal temperature or adjusting room temperature is not the priority. Paging the doctor should only be done if the patient's condition worsens.