Nokea
Patient Hydee asks how she could Distinguish between true and false labor? Which is NOT included among the factors in which the nurse should base her answer from?
- A. Contractions
- B. Cervical by vaginal examination
- C. Vital signs
- D. Engagement of fetus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The engagement of the fetus refers to the baby's head moving down into the mother's pelvis in preparation for birth. This factor is not typically used to distinguish between true and false labor because it is a sign of progress in labor rather than a defining characteristic of true labor. In contrast, the factors that are commonly used to differentiate between true and false labor include contractions (e.g., regularity, intensity, duration), cervical changes observed through vaginal examination (e.g., effacement and dilation), and monitoring vital signs.
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A patient admitted to the ICU develops severe sepsis with refractory hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's septic shock?
- A. Administer vasopressor medications to restore vascular tone.
- B. Perform blood cultures to identify the causative pathogen.
- C. Initiate broad-spectrum antibiotics targeting likely pathogens.
- D. Recommend prophylactic anticoagulation to prevent thrombosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the scenario described, the patient is experiencing refractory hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation, indicating the presence of septic shock. In septic shock, systemic vasodilation and vascular hyporesponsiveness contribute to hypotension. Therefore, the primary management approach is to restore vascular tone and blood pressure to maintain organ perfusion. Administering vasopressor medications (Choice A) is the crucial intervention to achieve this goal. Vasopressors, such as norepinephrine or vasopressin, constrict blood vessels and increase blood pressure, helping to stabilize the patient in septic shock. While options B and C (performing blood cultures and initiating broad-spectrum antibiotics) are important for identifying the causative pathogen and treating the infection, they are secondary to the immediate need for hemodynamic support in septic shock. Prophylactic anticoagulation (Choice D) is not the primary intervention for
Nurse Carmi finally decided to make an in depth study of ONLY ONE SUBJECT of domestic violence. What design will she use?
- A. Causality Design
- B. Predictive Correlational Design
- C. Descriptive Correlational Design
- D. Descriptive Case Study Design
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A descriptive case study design is the most suitable approach when Nurse Carmi decides to make an in-depth study of only one subject of domestic violence. This design involves a comprehensive and detailed exploration of a single individual or a specific situation, allowing for an in-depth analysis of various aspects related to the subject. Since Nurse Carmi is focusing on studying only one subject, a case study design will enable her to gather detailed information, delve deep into the complexities of the individual's experiences, behaviors, and outcomes related to domestic violence. This design will provide a rich and holistic understanding of the single case being studied, offering valuable insights and potential implications for practice and intervention strategies.
A patient presents with fever, chills, headache, and myalgia after returning from a trip to sub-Saharan Africa. Laboratory tests reveal intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear examination. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?
- A. Plasmodium falciparum
- B. Trypanosoma cruzi
- C. Borrelia burgdorferi
- D. Leishmania donovani
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most likely causative agent in this scenario is Plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan parasite that causes malaria. The patient's symptoms of fever, chills, headache, and myalgia align with the typical presentation of malaria. Additionally, the presence of intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear examination is characteristic of Plasmodium species, particularly P. falciparum, which causes the most severe form of malaria.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of opsonization during the immune response?
- A. Opsonins facilitate the lysis of target cells by forming membrane attack complexes.
- B. Opsonins promote the phagocytosis of pathogens by coating them with proteins.
- C. Opsonins neutralize toxins produced by pathogens.
- D. Opsonins stimulate the release of histamine from mast cells.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Opsonization is a process in the immune response where opsonins, which are proteins such as antibodies and complement proteins, bind to pathogens such as bacteria, making them more easily recognized and engulfed by phagocytic cells like macrophages and neutrophils. This coating of pathogens by opsonins enhances the efficiency of phagocytosis, helping in the elimination of pathogens from the body. Opsonins do not facilitate cell lysis, neutralize toxins, or stimulate histamine release; their main function is to tag pathogens for phagocytosis.
A professional nurse has a duty to know and respect the Patient's Bill of Rights. Which of the following is NOT included in the Patient's Bill of Rights? The right to/for ______.
- A. A considerate and respectful care
- B. Privacy and confidentiality
- C. A complete and current information about his illness
- D. Expect continuity of care from discharge to full recovery
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: While continuity of care is an important aspect of patient care, it is not explicitly included in the Patient's Bill of Rights. The Patient's Bill of Rights typically focuses on fundamental rights such as respectful care, privacy, confidentiality, and receiving complete and current information about their illness. Continuity of care is often addressed in healthcare policies and practices, but it is not a specific right outlined in the Patient's Bill of Rights.