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Patients with myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis experience:
Patients with myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis experience:
- A. Progressive deterioration until death.
- B. Increased risk of respiratory complications.
- C. Deficiencies of essential neurotransmitters.
- D. Involuntary twitching of small muscle groups.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: These conditions impair respiratory muscles, increasing the risk of complications.
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Homonymous hemianopsia:
Homonymous hemianopsia:
- A. Half of the visual field of the affected eye is lost.
- B. The pupil in the affected eye is always dilated.
- C. Lost of vision on the affected eye.
- D. The pupil in the affected eye is not constricting.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Homonymous hemianopsia involves loss of half the visual field in both eyes, same side.
The nurse is assessing a client with suspected rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following findings would support this diagnosis?
- A. Morning stiffness lasting over 30 minutes.
- B. Heberden’s nodes on the fingers.
- C. Pain in a single joint after exercise.
- D. Fever and weight loss without joint pain.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Morning stiffness lasting over 30 minutes is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis due to synovial inflammation. Heberden’s nodes (B) indicate osteoarthritis, single-joint pain (C) suggests injury, and fever/weight loss (D) are nonspecific without joint involvement.
Dual diagnosis indicates that there is a substance abuse problem as well as a
- A. cross addiction
- B. mental disorder
- C. disorder of any type
- D. medical problem
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dual diagnosis is the concurrent presence of a major psychiatric disorder and chemical dependence.
An adult is scheduled for a cardioversion next week. What should the nurse plan to include when teaching the client about the procedure?
- A. The client should be NPO for eight hours before the procedure.
- B. The client will be awake during the procedure.
- C. The procedure will probably need to be repeated every month for at least six months.
- D. The procedure is usually done for life-threatening dysrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cardioversion requires sedation, so the client must be NPO for 8 hours to prevent aspiration. The client is sedated, not awake, it's not typically repeated monthly, and it's used for atrial arrhythmias, not ventricular fibrillation.
Teaching about the need to avoid foods high in potassium is most important for which client?
- A. a client receiving diuretic therapy
- B. a client with an ileus
- C. a client with metabolic alkalosis
- D. a client with renal disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Renal disease impairs potassium excretion, leading to hyperkalemia, so avoiding high-potassium foods is critical. The other conditions are more associated with hypokalemia. Physiological Adaptation