Nokea
People who live in poverty are most likely to obtain health care from:
- A. their primary care physician (family doctor)
- B. a neighborhood clinic
- C. specialists
- D. Emergency Departments or urgent care centers
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Individuals living in poverty often face barriers to accessing regular healthcare services, leading them to utilize Emergency Departments or urgent care centers as their primary source of healthcare. These facilities provide immediate care without the need for appointments or insurance, making them more accessible to those in poverty. While primary care physicians and neighborhood clinics are essential for preventive care, individuals in poverty may have difficulty accessing these services due to financial constraints or lack of insurance. Specialists typically require referrals and may not be easily accessible to individuals without stable healthcare coverage. Therefore, Emergency Departments or urgent care centers are the most likely healthcare option for people living in poverty.
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What causes an older female client's hair to turn gray?
- A. ''A loss of melanin occurs in the normal aging process.''
- B. ''The number of sweat glands and blood vessels decreases in the normal aging process.''
- C. ''The skin on the scalp becomes thin, causing moisture to escape.''
- D. ''It is caused by hereditary factors.''
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'A loss of melanin occurs in the normal aging process.' Graying hair in older adults is primarily due to a decrease in the number of melanocytes responsible for providing pigment and hair color. This reduction in melanin production leads to gray hair. The other choices are incorrect. While it is true that the skin becomes thinner with aging and the number of sweat glands and blood vessels decreases, these changes are not directly related to graying hair. Additionally, hereditary factors can influence when graying starts, but they do not cause the graying of hair itself.
A teenager is preparing to care for a hospitalized teenage girl who is in skeletal traction. The teenager assists with planning care knowing that which is the most likely primary concern of the teenage girl?
- A. Keeping up with schoolwork
- B. Body image
- C. Obtaining adequate rest and sleep
- D. Obtaining adequate nutrition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Body image.' Adolescents, especially teenage girls, are often preoccupied with their appearance and body image. When facing a situation like being in skeletal traction, which can affect their physical appearance, body image becomes a primary concern. Concerns about body image can significantly impact their self-esteem and emotional well-being. Choice A, 'Keeping up with schoolwork,' is important but typically not the primary concern in this context. Choices C and D, 'Obtaining adequate rest and sleep' and 'Obtaining adequate nutrition,' are crucial for overall health but are secondary to the significant impact that body image concerns can have on a teenage girl in this situation.
What effect can medication bound to protein have?
- A. reduced drug availability
- B. limited distribution of the drug to receptor sites
- C. less availability to produce desired medicinal effects
- D. decreased metabolism of the drug by the liver
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Medication bound to protein leads to less availability to produce desired medicinal effects because only unbound drugs can interact with active receptor sites. If a drug is bound to protein, it cannot bind with a receptor site, reducing its effectiveness. Choice A is incorrect because binding to protein reduces drug availability. Choice B is incorrect because distribution to receptor sites is ineffective if the drug is bound to protein. Choice D is incorrect because metabolism does not occur until the drug is removed from the protein molecule by the liver, allowing the protein to return to circulation.
Which of the following vaccines contains a live virus?
- A. varicella
- B. IPV
- C. DTaP
- D. hepatitis B
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is varicella. Varicella vaccine contains a live, weakened form of the varicella-zoster virus. Choice B, IPV (inactivated poliovirus vaccine), is an inactivated vaccine, not a live virus vaccine. Choices C and D, DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine) and hepatitis B vaccine, respectively, do not contain live viruses. Varicella is the only live virus vaccine among the options.
The physician orders the antibiotics ampicillin (Omnipen) and gentamicin (Garamycin) for a newly admitted client with an infection. The nurse should:
- A. administer both medications simultaneously
- B. give the medications sequentially, and flush well between them
- C. ask the physician or pharmacy which medication to give first and how long to wait before giving the other drug
- D. start one medication now and begin the other medication in 2-4 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to give the medications sequentially and flush well between them. Ampicillin has a pH of 8-10, while gentamicin has a pH of 3-5.5, making them incompatible when given together. Flushing well between drugs is necessary to prevent any potential interactions. Option A is incorrect because administering both medications simultaneously can lead to incompatibility issues. Option C is incorrect because the nurse should already be aware of the correct administration sequence and not need to consult the physician or pharmacy each time. Option D is incorrect because delaying the second medication by several hours can slow down the treatment of the client's infection, which is not ideal in this scenario.