Nokea
People with phenylketonuria should avoid foods made with which nonnutritive sweetener?
- A. acesulfame-K
- B. aspartame
- C. saccharin
- D. sucralose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: People with phenylketonuria should avoid aspartame because it contains phenylalanine, which they cannot metabolize. Acesulfame-K, saccharin, and sucralose do not contain phenylalanine and are safe for individuals with phenylketonuria. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Acesulfame-K, saccharin, and sucralose are incorrect choices because they do not pose a risk for individuals with phenylketonuria due to the absence of phenylalanine in their composition.
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A person with lactose intolerance should be most careful to limit their intake of:
- A. milk
- B. yogurt
- C. cheese
- D. corn syrup
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Individuals with lactose intolerance lack the enzyme lactase needed to break down lactose, the sugar in dairy products. Milk contains a high amount of lactose, making it crucial for those with lactose intolerance to limit their intake. Yogurt and cheese, on the other hand, have lower lactose content due to the fermentation process which reduces lactose levels, making them better tolerated by many with lactose intolerance. Corn syrup, although high in sugar, does not contain lactose and is unrelated to lactose intolerance. Therefore, the correct answer is 'milk' as it is a significant source of lactose, which can trigger symptoms in individuals with lactose intolerance.
A high blood cholesterol level appears to be associated with the development of:
- A. chronic kidney disease.
- B. coronary heart disease.
- C. Alzheimer's disease.
- D. Addison's disease.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A high blood cholesterol level is associated with an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. Elevated cholesterol levels can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as high blood cholesterol is not primarily linked to chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease, or Addison's disease.
From where are trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted?
- A. Small intestine.
- B. Liver.
- C. Stomach.
- D. Pancreas.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Trypsin and chymotrypsin are enzymes involved in protein digestion. These enzymes are secreted by the pancreas, not the small intestine, liver, or stomach. The pancreas plays a crucial role in producing digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down proteins in the small intestine. The small intestine is the site where these enzymes act, not where they are secreted. The liver is responsible for producing bile, not digestive enzymes. The stomach secretes gastric juices but not trypsin and chymotrypsin. Therefore, the correct answer is the pancreas.
Fructose is the sugar found in:
- A. bread.
- B. gelatin desserts.
- C. sugar-coated cereals.
- D. honey and fruit.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fructose is a sugar naturally found in honey and fruit. While bread contains carbohydrates, it does not primarily consist of fructose. Gelatin desserts are more likely to contain added sugars like sucrose rather than fructose. Sugar-coated cereals typically contain sucrose or other added sugars, not just fructose. Therefore, the correct answer is honey and fruit as they naturally contain fructose.
One characteristic of an essential fatty acid is that it:
- A. comes from a plant source.
- B. comes from an animal source.
- C. is not manufactured by the body.
- D. is manufactured by the body.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because essential fatty acids are not manufactured by the body and must be obtained through the diet. Choice A is incorrect because essential fatty acids can come from plant sources as well. Choice B is incorrect as essential fatty acids are primarily derived from plant sources. Choice D is incorrect because essential fatty acids cannot be produced by the body. Therefore, the only accurate statement is that essential fatty acids are not manufactured by the body.