Peptide hormones are made of protein and are water soluble. They can therefore:
- A. Pass straight through the lipid bilayer and react with other molecules inside the cell
- B. React to a specific binding site on the outside of the membrane and create a secondary response
- C. Pass through a protein channel to the inside of the cell and then react with other molecules inside the cell
- D. Don't react with anything on the membrane or in the cell but cause their effect by other processes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peptide hormones bind to membrane receptors, triggering secondary messengers inside the cell.
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Carbohydrates are comprised of carbon, , and oxygen.
- A. iron
- B. hydrogen
- C. nitrogen
- D. sulfur
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a specific ratio.
The terminal portion of the small intestine is the:
- A. ileum
- B. cecum
- C. duodenum
- D. jejunum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ileum is the final section of the small intestine, connecting to the large intestine.
Match: Polysaccharide
- A. starch or cellulose
- B. composed of amino acids
- C. used for insulation
- D. makes up cell membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Polysaccharides, such as starch and cellulose, are complex carbohydrates that store energy or provide structural support.
The loop of Henle pumps sodium ions from the ascending arm to the descending. What is this called?
- A. Counter current subtractor
- B. Counter current divider
- C. Counter current concentrator
- D. Counter current multiplier
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The countercurrent multiplier in the loop of Henle concentrates urine by moving sodium ions.
Which process involves the use of nutrients inside cells?
- A. absorption
- B. assimilation
- C. digestion
- D. ingestion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Assimilation involves the incorporation of absorbed nutrients into the cells for energy production or synthesis of new compounds.