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Percutaneous cervical cordotomy:
- A. Is performed under general anaesthesia.
- B. Occurs by entry of a needle into the intervertebral foramen between cervical vertebrae C4 and C5.
- C. Involves thermoablation of the anterior spinothalamic tract.
- D. Is performed on the same side as the pain.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Percutaneous cervical cordotomy (PCC) relieves cancer pain via targeted nerve destruction. It's done under local anesthesia with sedation, not general, to monitor patient response (e.g., pain relief, side effects) during stimulation. The needle enters at C1-C2, not C4-C5, targeting the lateral spinothalamic tract contralateral to the pain not the anterior tract explicitly, though terminology varies. Thermoablation destroys pain fibers, confirmed by test stimulation. It's performed opposite the pain side due to crossed spinothalamic pathways. Complete numbness isn't typical; sensory loss is partial. Thermoablation's specificity using radiofrequency to interrupt pain transmission defines PCC's efficacy, minimizing damage to adjacent motor tracts while achieving analgesia.
You may also like to solve these questions
The role of the nurse and other health professions in chronic disease is to:
- A. Support the person in managing their condition
- B. Provide direction to the person about their treatment
- C. Ensure the person takes their medications and avoids risk factors
- D. Decide on the best approach to manage the condition and direct the implementation of this care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic disease management hinges on patient empowerment, not authoritarian control. Supporting individuals in managing their condition aligns with modern nursing philosophy, fostering self-efficacy through education, emotional support, and resource provision key in texts like Deravin and Anderson (2019). Providing direction implies guidance, but it's less collaborative than support, often overstepping patient autonomy. Ensuring medication adherence and risk avoidance is paternalistic, assuming enforcement over partnership, which conflicts with patient-centered care principles. Deciding and directing care outright disregards patient input, undermining shared decision-making critical for long-term adherence in chronic illness. Support encompasses holistic care physical, psychological, and social enabling patients to navigate their condition, adapt lifestyles, and cope with challenges, reflecting the multidisciplinary team's role in enhancing quality of life rather than dictating it.
Repaglinide belongs to the class
- A. Sulphonylureas
- B. Thiazolidinediones
- C. Benzoic acid derivatives
- D. Biguanides
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Repaglinide's benzoic acid kin short, sharp insulin jolts, not sulphonylureas' long haul, thiazolidinediones' sensitivity boost, or biguanides' glucose clamp. It's a mealtime spike buster, a chronic tool pharmacists slot apart from sulphonylurea's sustained push, a nuanced diabetes dance.
What does the abbreviation DALY stand for?
- A. Definition of anticipated life years
- B. Diabetes-affected life years
- C. Disability-adjusted life years
- D. Disease-affected life years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: DALY disability-adjusted life years tallies lost health, not diabetes alone or vague terms. Nurses use this, a chronic burden metric.
For care of a patient who has oral cancer, which task would be appropriate to delegate to the LPN/LVN?
- A. Assist the patient to brush and floss
- B. Explain when brushing and flossing are contraindicated
- C. Give antacids and sucralfate suspension as ordered
- D. Recommend saliva substitutes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: LPN/LVNs excel in medication administration within their scope, making giving antacids and sucralfate ordered for oral cancer's mucosal protection ideal. Brushing and flossing assistance fits nursing assistants, a basic task. Explaining contraindications requires RN-level judgment to assess risks like bleeding or infection. Recommending saliva substitutes needs physician or pharmacist input, beyond LPN/LVN authority. Medication delivery leverages their training, easing symptoms like pain or ulcers, ensuring safe, supervised care in oral cancer's complex management, a practical delegation choice.
A nurse in a hematology clinic is working with four clients who have polycythemia vera. Which client should the nurse see first?
- A. A client with a swollen and painful left great toe
- B. Client who reports dyspnea
- C. Client with a blood pressure of 180/98 mm Hg
- D. Client who reports calf tenderness and swelling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Polycythemia vera thickens blood, risking clots dyspnea signals possible pulmonary embolism, a life-threatening emergency needing instant assessment per ABCs. Toe pain suggests gout, common but less acute. Hypertension, a chronic issue here, waits behind respiratory distress. Calf tenderness hints at DVT, urgent but not immediately fatal like embolism. Nurses triage dyspnea first, ensuring airway and oxygenation, a critical call in this hyperviscous condition prone to thrombotic crises.