Endocrinology Exam Questions and Answers

Endocrinology Exam Questions and Answers Related

Review Endocrinology Exam Questions and Answers related questions and content

Persistent muscular weakness is characteristic of:

  • A. Conn's syndrome
  • B. Acromegaly
  • C. Hyperparathyroidism
  • D. Myxoedema
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Persistent muscular weakness is characteristic of myxoedema, which is severe hypothyroidism. Myxoedema can lead to general weakness and fatigue, as thyroid hormones play a crucial role in controlling metabolism and energy production in the body. Other symptoms of myxoedema include cold intolerance, weight gain, dry skin, and hair loss. Conn's syndrome (hyperaldosteronism) is characterized by hypertension and low potassium levels, not persistent muscular weakness. Acromegaly is a condition resulting from excess growth hormone production, leading to enlarged body parts and metabolic changes but not specifically muscular weakness. Hyperparathyroidism is associated with high levels of parathyroid hormone, which can lead to bone weakening and calcium imbalance, but it is not typically a primary cause of muscular weakness.

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In males which hormone stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone?

  • A. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • B. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • C. hormone
  • D. insipidus
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In males, Leydig cells in the testes are stimulated to produce testosterone by luteinizing hormone (LH). LH is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and acts on the Leydig cells to promote the synthesis and release of testosterone. This hormone plays a crucial role in male reproductive function and the development of masculine characteristics. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a role in spermatogenesis in males but does not directly stimulate Leydig cells to produce testosterone.

All of the following would be expected to increase prolactin levels except:

  • A. Chest wall trauma
  • B. Hyperthyroidism
  • C. Pregnancy
  • D. Renal failure
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Prolactin levels can be increased by various factors, including chest wall trauma, pregnancy, and renal failure. However, hyperthyroidism is not typically associated with elevated prolactin levels. In fact, hyperthyroidism is more commonly associated with decreased levels of prolactin due to the inhibitory effect of thyroid hormones on prolactin secretion. Therefore, all of the options except for hyperthyroidism would be expected to increase prolactin levels.

Which of the following are not causes of neurogenic diabetes insipidus?

  • A. Sheehan's syndrome
  • B. Mutations in the vasopressin (ADH) receptor gene
  • C. Meningitis
  • D. Mutations in the vasopressin gene
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Neurogenic diabetes insipidus is due to a deficiency in vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) production in the hypothalamus or a failure of proper vasopressin release from the posterior pituitary. Causes of neurogenic DI typically involve factors affecting vasopressin synthesis, storage, or release. However, mutations in the vasopressin gene itself would be a cause of genetic forms of diabetes insipidus, not neurogenic diabetes insipidus. Common causes of neurogenic diabetes insipidus include traumatic brain injury, brain tumors, pituitary adenomas, meningitis, and Sheehan's syndrome.

Blood calcium is elevated:

  • A. in rickets.
  • B. in pseudohypoparathyroidism.
  • C. by calcitonin.
  • D. by Vitamin D3
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Blood calcium levels are primarily regulated by the actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium balance in the body by promoting the absorption of calcium from the intestines. When blood calcium levels are low, Vitamin D works to increase absorption of calcium to raise the levels back to normal. Therefore, elevated blood calcium levels are commonly associated with excess Vitamin D intake or conditions that increase Vitamin D levels, such as hypervitaminosis D.

Oxytocin:

  • A. is not produced in males.
  • B. inhibits lactation.
  • C. stimulates smooth muscle contraction.
  • D. is produced primarily in the SON in the hypothalamus.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Oxytocin is a hormone that is produced in both males and females. In females, oxytocin plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, notably during labor and childbirth. Oxytocin acts on the smooth muscles of the uterus, causing them to contract during labor (parturition) and helps in the ejection of milk during breastfeeding. This hormone is primarily synthesized in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland before being released into the bloodstream. Overall, oxytocin's main function is to stimulate smooth muscle contraction in the uterus and the mammary glands.

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