Nokea
Persons in an auditorium may have been exposed to a disease. If they are infected, it is crucial that
- A. The negative predictive value
- B. The positive predictive value
- C. The sensitivity of the test
- D. The specificity of the test
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The negative predictive value. In this scenario, it is crucial to know the likelihood of a person not being infected if the test result is negative. Negative predictive value assesses the probability of a person truly being disease-free when the test result is negative. This is important for determining the risk of spreading the disease within the auditorium.
Explanation for other choices:
B: The positive predictive value - While important in clinical settings, in this case, determining the accuracy of positive test results is not as critical as ruling out disease transmission.
C: The sensitivity of the test - Sensitivity measures the ability of the test to correctly identify those with the disease, not necessarily ruling out disease transmission among those with negative results.
D: The specificity of the test - Specificity measures the ability of the test to correctly identify those without the disease, which is not directly related to preventing disease spread in this context.
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A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of a cultural competence training program. Which outcome is the nurse most likely to measure?
- A. Increase in client acuity levels
- B. Reduction in health care costs
- C. Improvement in client satisfaction scores
- D. Decrease in client wait times
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse is most likely to measure improvement in client satisfaction scores because cultural competence training aims to enhance the nurse's ability to provide care that is respectful and responsive to diverse cultural beliefs and practices. By measuring client satisfaction, the nurse can assess if the training program has successfully improved the quality of care provided to clients from different cultural backgrounds. This outcome reflects the program's effectiveness in promoting culturally competent care and fostering positive relationships with clients.
Other choices are incorrect:
A: Increase in client acuity levels is not directly related to cultural competence training.
B: Reduction in healthcare costs may be a positive outcome but not the primary focus of cultural competence training.
D: Decrease in client wait times is important but not the primary outcome of cultural competence training.
The nurse often has to make resource allocation decisions. Which of the following best describes the
- A. The specific moral or ethical principle related to the situation
- B. The cheapest, most economical approach
- C. The most rational probable outcome
- D. The needs of the aggregate rather than a few individuals
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The specific moral or ethical principle related to the situation. In resource allocation decisions, nurses must consider ethical principles such as beneficence, justice, autonomy, and nonmaleficence. By applying these principles, nurses can ensure fair and ethical distribution of resources. Choice B (The cheapest, most economical approach) may not always align with ethical principles and could compromise quality of care. Choice C (The most rational probable outcome) may not necessarily consider ethical implications. Choice D (The needs of the aggregate rather than a few individuals) could lead to neglecting individual patient needs.
Which action should the nurse take when teaching a client with a low health literacy level?
- A. Use the correct medical terminology.
- B. Speak in a loud voic
- D. Choose terms that the client uses.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Choose terms that the client uses. This is the most appropriate action when teaching a client with low health literacy because it helps ensure effective communication and understanding. By using language that the client is familiar with, the nurse can enhance comprehension and retention of important health information. Using medical terminology (A) may confuse the client further. Speaking loudly (B) is not necessary and can be perceived as disrespectful. Choices C, E, F, and G are not applicable in this context.
Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the twentieth century?
- A. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research
- B. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures
- C. Sanitation and other public health activities
- D. Use of antibiotics to fight infections
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sanitation and other public health activities. Sanitation improvements, such as clean water supply and waste disposal, have played a significant role in reducing infectious diseases and improving overall health, leading to the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the twentieth century. This is supported by historical data showing a correlation between improved sanitation and decreased mortality rates. Other choices are incorrect because while technology, surgical advances, and antibiotics have contributed to medical progress, they alone cannot account for the significant increase in life expectancy seen during the twentieth century.
Which of the following best defines aggregate?
- A. A large group of persons
- B. A collection of individuals and families
- C. A group of persons who share one or more characteristics
- D. Another name for demographic group
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because aggregate refers to a group of persons who share one or more characteristics. This definition specifically highlights the commonality among individuals within the group. Choice A is too vague as it does not specify the shared characteristics. Choice B is similar but lacks the emphasis on shared characteristics. Choice D is incorrect as aggregate does not necessarily equate to a demographic group. Choices E, F, and G are not applicable. In summary, choice C is the best definition as it precisely captures the essence of an aggregate group.