Nokea
Persons with up to 70% prevalence of peculiar facial anatomy are considered risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea EXCEPT
- A. hypotonia
- B. developmental delay
- C. central adiposity
- D. hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypothyroidism is not a typical risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea.
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The age by which the child can make a tower of 9 cubes and imitates circular stroke is
- A. 24 months
- B. 30 months
- C. 36 months
- D. 42 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This milestone is typically achieved around 36 months.
Which refers to a newborn whose rate of intrauterine growth was slowed and whose birth weight falls below the 10th percentile on intrauterine growth charts?
- A. Postterm
- B. Postmature
- C. Low birth weight
- D. Small for gestational age
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A newborn who is small for gestational age (SGA) refers to a baby whose rate of intrauterine growth was slowed, leading to a birth weight falling below the 10th percentile on intrauterine growth charts. SGA infants are at an increased risk for various health complications due to their smaller size at birth, such as difficulties in regulating body temperature, low blood sugar, and respiratory distress. Postterm refers to a pregnancy that has extended beyond 42 weeks, while postmature refers specifically to a fetus that has been in the womb beyond the expected due date. Low birth weight may refer to a baby born below a certain weight threshold regardless of gestational age.
The parents overhear that their child's tumor is stage III. They ask what that means. Which is the best response?
- A. The tumor is confined to the abdomen but has spread to lymph nodes or peritoneum; the prognosis is poor.
- B. The tumor is confined to the abdomen with spread to nearby lymph nodes or peritoneum; however, the prognosis remains very good.
- C. The tumor has spread to three other organs; the prognosis is good.
- D. The tumor has spread to other organs; the prognosis is poor.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stage III indicates local spread (e.g., to lymph nodes or peritoneum) but still carries a very good prognosis with appropriate treatment.
The MOST common cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children is
- A. obesity
- B. allergies
- C. adenotonsillar hypertrophy
- D. pharyngeal reactive edema due to gastroesophageal reflux
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the leading cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children.
An infant experienced an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) and is being placed on home apnea monitoring. Parents have understood the instructions for use of a home apnea monitor when they state?
- A. "We can adjust the monitor to eliminate false alarms."
- B. "We should sleep in the same bed as our monitored infant."
- C. "We will check the monitor several times a day to be sure the alarm is working."
- D. "We will place the monitor in the crib with our infant."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement indicating understanding of the instructions for use of a home apnea monitor is "We will check the monitor several times a day to be sure the alarm is working." This is important because regular monitoring of the device's functioning ensures that it is able to detect any potential apnea episodes or abnormalities in the infant's breathing patterns. Checking the monitor several times a day helps in maintaining the safety and effectiveness of the monitor in alerting the parents to any potential issues with the infant's breathing. The other options are incorrect: A is incorrect because adjusting the monitor to eliminate false alarms can compromise its accuracy, B is incorrect as the infant should sleep in a separate safe sleep environment to reduce the risk of SIDS, and D is incorrect as the monitor should be placed near the infant's crib but not directly in it for safety reasons.