HESI Practice Test Pharmacology

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Phenazopyridine is commonly prescribed for clients with urinary tract infections (UTI). Which statement by the practical nurse describes the purpose for the administration of phenazopyridine?

  • A. To alter the pH level of the urine
  • B. To reduce the frequency of bladder spasms
  • C. To alleviate the painful symptoms caused by the UTI
  • D. To prevent bacterial replication and resistance development
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Phenazopyridine, a urinary analgesic, is utilized to alleviate the pain associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) like burning, pain, urgency, and frequent voiding. The administration of phenazopyridine can cause the urine to turn a bright red-orange color. It is recommended to take this medication with food to reduce gastric irritation. Phenazopyridine should only be used for a maximum of 2 days when taken alongside an antibacterial agent, which is typically prescribed for about 2 weeks to treat the underlying infection.

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A client with a history of atrial fibrillation is prescribed verapamil. The nurse should monitor for which potential side effect?

  • A. Constipation
  • B. Diarrhea
  • C. Headache
  • D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

A client with a productive cough and fever has been diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia and is being admitted to the unit from the emergency room. Which intervention should the practical nurse ensure has been done prior to the administration of antibiotics?

  • A. Sputum specimen
  • B. Set of vital signs
  • C. Electrocardiogram
  • D. Glucometer check
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

A client with bipolar disorder is taking lithium. Which client assessment data would indicate a potential adverse effect of lithium therapy?

  • A. Increased appetite
  • B. Dry mouth and increased thirst
  • C. Tremors and polyuria
  • D. Constipation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When assessing a client taking lithium, dry mouth and increased thirst are indicators of potential adverse effects. Lithium can lead to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, causing polyuria and subsequent increased thirst due to impaired water reabsorption in the kidneys. Tremors can also be a sign of lithium toxicity. Monitoring and recognizing these symptoms are crucial in managing lithium therapy and preventing further complications.

What should be obtained prior to starting olanzapine for a male client with bipolar disorder?

  • A. Complete blood count
  • B. Family history of hypertension
  • C. History of erectile dysfunction
  • D. Baseline weight
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

A client with rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed leflunomide. What instruction should the nurse include in the client's teaching plan?

  • A. Avoid alcohol while taking this medication.
  • B. Take this medication with food to decrease gastrointestinal upset.
  • C. Avoid sunlight while taking this medication.
  • D. Report any signs of infection to the healthcare provider.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Leflunomide can increase sensitivity to sunlight. While it is important to avoid excessive sun exposure, the critical instruction for the client is to avoid alcohol while taking this medication. Alcohol can potentiate the hepatotoxic effects of leflunomide, making it crucial for the client to abstain from alcohol consumption to prevent liver damage.

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