Nokea
Picking up a pencil demonstrates the ability to use which of the following?
- A. Pincer grasp
- B. Prehension
- C. Parachute reflex
- D. Grasp reflex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Picking up a pencil requires the use of the pincer grasp, which involves the coordination of the thumb and forefinger to hold small objects. The pincer grasp is a fine motor skill essential for tasks that necessitate precision and dexterity. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Prehension refers to the act of grasping or holding an object, parachute reflex is a protective response to sudden movement or loss of support, and grasp reflex is an automatic closing of the hand when an object is placed in the palm, none of which specifically relate to the action of picking up a pencil.
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Frequent urine tests for specific gravity are required on a 6-month-old infant. What method is the most appropriate way to collect small amounts of urine for these tests?
- A. Apply a urine collection bag to the perineal area.
- B. Tape a small medicine cup inside of the diaper.
- C. Aspirate urine from cotton balls inside the diaper with a syringe without a needle.
- D. Use a syringe without a needle to aspirate urine from a superabsorbent disposable diaper.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
The nurse on a pediatric unit is writing guidelines for age-specific preparation of children for procedures based on developmental characteristics. What guideline is accurate?
- A. Inform toddlers about an upcoming procedure 2 hours before the procedure is to be performed.
- B. Inform school-age children about an upcoming procedure immediately before the procedure is scheduled to occur.
- C. Discourage parent presence during procedures on infants and toddlers.
- D. Use simple diagrams of anatomy and physiology to explain a procedure to a school-age child.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Chemicals, agents, or factors that cause physical defects in the developing embryo and are most harmful during organogenesis are:
- A. Teratogens
- B. Heterozygous
- C. Inborn errors
- D. Multifactorial
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Teratogens are substances that can cause congenital abnormalities, especially during the first trimester when organogenesis occurs. Choice A, Teratogens, is the correct answer as it specifically refers to substances that cause physical defects in the developing embryo. Choices B, Heterozygous, C, Inborn errors, and D, Multifactorial, are incorrect as they do not directly relate to substances that cause physical defects in embryos during organogenesis.
A four-year-old boy is admitted to the hospital with leg pain and fever. He is pale-looking and has bruises over various areas of his body. The physician suspects acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Which test would be used to confirm the diagnosis?
- A. Bone marrow aspirate
- B. Red blood cell count
- C. Lumbar puncture
- D. Bone scan
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A bone marrow aspirate is the definitive test to confirm acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in this case. It allows for the examination of leukemic cells in the bone marrow, providing a direct assessment of the disease. Red blood cell count (Choice B) is not specific for diagnosing leukemia but may show anemia commonly seen in leukemia patients. Lumbar puncture (Choice C) is used to assess central nervous system involvement, not primarily for confirming ALL. Bone scan (Choice D) is not a standard diagnostic test for ALL and is mainly used for evaluating bone metastases in other conditions.
Following treatment for iron deficiency anemia, the physician orders lab tests. Which lab value would indicate an improvement in the child's condition?
- A. Low hemoglobin
- B. Normal platelet count
- C. High reticulocyte count
- D. Low hematocrit
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A high reticulocyte count indicates that the bone marrow is producing more red blood cells, which is a sign of recovery from anemia as the body replenishes its iron stores and increases hemoglobin levels. Low hemoglobin (Choice A) would indicate ongoing anemia rather than improvement. A normal platelet count (Choice B) and low hematocrit (Choice D) are not specific indicators of improvement in iron deficiency anemia.