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Place these developmental milestones in chronological order: Four-chambered heart forms, Vernix caseosa appears, Blastocyst development completes, Testes descend
- A. Blastocyst development complete
- B. Four-chambered heart forms
- C. Vernix caseosa present
- D. Testes descend into scrotum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Development follows the sequence: blastocyst formation, four-chambered heart, vernix appearance, and testicular descent.
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The nurse takes the history of a client, G2 P1001, at her first prenatal visit. Which of the following statements would indicate that the client should be referred to a genetic counselor?
- A. My first child has cerebral palsy.
- B. My first child has hypertension.
- C. My first child has asthma.
- D. My first child has cystic fibrosis.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition, and a history of it in a previous child would warrant a referral to a genetic counselor. Cerebral palsy, hypertension, and asthma are not typically genetic conditions.
A pregnant patient at 28 weeks gestation reports lower back pain. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Administer pain medication and encourage rest.
- B. Assess the patient's posture and recommend appropriate exercises.
- C. Instruct the patient to lie flat on her back to relieve pain.
- D. Perform a pelvic exam to check for any underlying complications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because assessing the patient's posture and recommending appropriate exercises can help alleviate lower back pain during pregnancy. Poor posture and lack of exercise are common causes of back pain in pregnancy. Administering pain medication as in choice A may not address the root cause. Instructing the patient to lie flat on her back (choice C) can actually worsen back pain and pose risks during pregnancy. Performing a pelvic exam (choice D) is not necessary unless there are specific indications for it related to the patient's complaint. Therefore, choice B is the most appropriate initial action to address the lower back pain in this pregnant patient.
Why is pregnancy planning important for women of childbearing age?
- A. Much organogenesis occurs before the missed period
- B. Insurance preapproval is required
- C. No more than 3 pregnancies are recommended
- D. Pregnancies less than 2 years apart stress the cardiovascular system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Organogenesis occurs early in pregnancy, often before a missed period, making early intervention critical for fetal health.
A 26-year-old pregnant woman who is 12 weeks gestation asks the nurse about the importance of folic acid. Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?
- A. Folic acid helps prevent birth defects of the spine and brain.
- B. Folic acid increases the chances of having a boy.
- C. Folic acid prevents nausea during pregnancy.
- D. Folic acid helps the placenta attach to the uterus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Folic acid helps prevent birth defects of the spine and brain. Folic acid is crucial during pregnancy as it plays a key role in neural tube development, reducing the risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida. This is supported by research and guidelines.
B: Folic acid does not influence the gender of the baby, as it is determined by the father's sperm.
C: Folic acid does not directly prevent nausea during pregnancy; it is mainly for neural tube development.
D: Folic acid does not specifically help the placenta attach to the uterus; that process is regulated by other factors.
In summary, choice A is correct as it directly relates to the essential role of folic acid in preventing birth defects, while the other choices are unrelated or inaccurate in the context of folic acid's benefits during pregnancy.
A patient is in active labor and is experiencing back labor. Which position would be most helpful to relieve the back pain?
- A. Supine position
- B. Hands and knees position
- C. Lithotomy position
- D. Squatting position
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hands and knees position. This position helps relieve back pain during labor by promoting optimal fetal positioning, reducing pressure on the back, and allowing gravity to assist in the descent of the baby. It also opens up the pelvic outlet, making it easier for the baby to navigate through the birth canal.
Incorrect choices:
A: Supine position can worsen back pain as it puts pressure on the lower back and restricts blood flow to the uterus.
C: Lithotomy position can exacerbate back pain as it involves lying on the back with legs in stirrups, which can increase pressure on the back.
D: Squatting position may not be ideal for relieving back pain in this scenario as it can put additional strain on the back muscles and may not provide optimal support for the laboring individual.