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Planning for a patient with Asperger's disorder will be facilitated if the nurse understands that this disorder is different from autism. The nurse will base care on knowledge that Asperger's disorder is characterized by:
- A. Repetitive patterns of behavior
- B. Age-appropriate language development.
- C. Stereotypic movements and speech patterns
- D. Obsession with objects that move in a spinning motion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Age-appropriate language development. Asperger's disorder is characterized by normal to above-average language development, whereas autism typically presents with delays or impairments in language skills. This is important for planning care as it influences communication strategies and interventions for individuals with Asperger's.
A: Repetitive patterns of behavior are more indicative of autism, not specific to Asperger's.
C: Stereotypic movements and speech patterns are also more associated with autism and not a defining feature of Asperger's.
D: Obsession with objects that move in a spinning motion is a specific behavior that may be seen in some individuals with autism, but it is not a defining characteristic of Asperger's disorder.
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The nurse is collecting the paintings from the patients after the art session is over. After art therapy, a patient hands the nurse a paper that consists of several black scribbles. Which statement demonstrates the nurse understands the goals and objectives of the therapy?
- A. “I see that you don’t take this very seriously.”
- B. “Can you tell me what happened to prompt such work?”
- C. “Do you want to complete your painting?”
- D. “That’s interesting. It looks like you’re frustrated.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it shows empathy and encouragement for the patient to express their feelings. By asking what prompted the artwork, the nurse demonstrates understanding and willingness to explore the patient's emotions. Choice A is judgmental and dismissive, not fostering a therapeutic relationship. Choice C is directive and may pressure the patient. Choice D makes an assumption about the patient's emotions without allowing them to share their perspective.
An outcome for a patient experiencing anticipatory grieving for a spouse diagnosed with terminal cancer would be that the patient will:
- A. Continue to be emotionally involved with the dying spouse
- B. Develop protective mental mechanisms to allay the pain of spousal loss
- C. Not voice threats of physical violence that is either self or others directed
- D. Agree to stay at home and care for the spouse with appropriate assistance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because anticipatory grieving involves emotional involvement with the dying spouse. This allows the patient to process emotions, express love, and make meaningful connections before the actual loss. Choice B is incorrect as it suggests avoidance of pain through mental mechanisms, which is not conducive to healthy grieving. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses on a specific behavior (violence) rather than the emotional process of grieving. Choice D is incorrect as it assumes the patient's agreement to care for the spouse is the primary outcome, overlooking the emotional aspect of anticipatory grief.
The common element seen in every type of bereavement is:
- A. Bereavement is a predictable process that is a result of loss.
- B. The individual has experienced the loss of something of importance.
- C. Acute depression is generally experienced by all who grieve for a loss.
- D. Yearning or longing for the deceased
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it captures the essence of bereavement - the experience of loss. This choice acknowledges that bereavement involves losing something significant, which is a universal aspect of grieving. Other choices are incorrect - A is not always predictable, C is not always acute depression, and D focuses on a specific aspect of grief rather than the core element of loss. Therefore, B is the most comprehensive and inclusive choice.
Which person would the nurse assess as experiencing chronic sorrow?
- A. The mother of a child diagnosed with asthma
- B. The father of an adult son who is a schizophrenic
- C. The daughter whose father experienced a hip replacement
- D. The wife whose husband has recently requested a trial separation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because chronic sorrow is a continuous feeling of grief or sadness that occurs when there is a discrepancy between the reality of a situation and the individual's expectations or hopes. In this case, the father of an adult son who is schizophrenic is likely to experience chronic sorrow due to the ongoing challenges and difficulties associated with his son's mental illness. This long-term impact on his emotional well-being aligns with the concept of chronic sorrow.
Choices A, C, and D do not necessarily imply a long-term or continuous feeling of grief. The mother of a child with asthma may experience anxiety or distress during asthma attacks, but it may not necessarily lead to chronic sorrow. The daughter whose father had a hip replacement may experience temporary worry or concern but not chronic sorrow. The wife whose husband requested a trial separation may experience sadness and distress, but it is not a situation that inherently leads to chronic sorrow.
What is the primary reason for the nurse to have an understanding of the various types of activity and adjunct therapies?
- A. The nurse chooses the most cost-effective therapy group.
- B. The nurse is expected to encourage patients’ involvement in the therapies.
- C. The nurse is responsible for placing the patient in the appropriate group.
- D. The nurse needs to be supportive of the treatment team members who direct these therapies.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because nurses are expected to encourage patients' involvement in therapies to promote holistic care and enhance patient outcomes. By understanding different types of therapies, nurses can educate and motivate patients to participate actively in their treatment plans. This empowers patients to take control of their health and improve their overall well-being. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the primary role of the nurse in this context is to support and advocate for the patients' engagement in therapies, rather than focusing on cost-effectiveness, placement, or support of other team members.