Nokea
Please indicate with an X the best anatomic area for the nurse to auscultate mitral valve sounds.
- A. Apex of the heart
- B. Second right intercostal space
- C. Second left intercostal space
- D. Lower left sternal border
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mitral valve sounds are best heard at the apex (fifth intercostal space, midclavicular line).
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Based on the client's complaint, the nurse would expect the pain to have which possible effect on the vital signs?
- A. Temperature may be elevated.
- B. Pulse rate may become rapid.
- C. Respiratory rate may slow.
- D. Blood pressure may fall.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute pain activates the sympathetic nervous system, increasing pulse rate due to stress response.
Which side effects are most closely associated with the use of nitroglycerin tablets? Select all that apply.
- A. Headache
- B. Backache
- C. Headache
- D. Jaundice
- E. Dizziness
- F. Pallor
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale: Nitroglycerin causes vasodilation, leading to headache (due to cerebral vasodilation) and dizziness (due to hypotension). Backache, jaundice, and pallor are not typical.
The nurse assumes that the client understands how an echocardiogram is performed when that client tells the nurse that this examination involves imaging the heart using which of one of the following?
- A. Ultrasound waves
- B. X-ray beams
- C. Radioactive isotopes
- D. Magnetic fields
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An echocardiogram uses ultrasound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function.
If the client is typical of others who have angina pectoris, the nurse should expect the client to report that chest pain is best relieved by which major medical measure?
- A. Taking a deep breath
- B. Resting in a chair
- C. Applying heat to the chest
- D. Rubbing the chest
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Angina pectoris is relieved by rest, which reduces myocardial oxygen demand, allowing blood flow to meet the heart's needs.
When the client asks the nurse how propranolol helps to prevent angina, what is the best explanation?
- A. Propranolol promotes excretion of body fluid.
- B. Propranolol reduces the rate of heart contraction.
- C. Propranolol alters pain receptors in the heart.
- D. Propranolol dilates the major coronary arteries.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Propranolol, a beta-blocker, reduces heart rate and contractility, decreasing myocardial oxygen demand and preventing angina.