Nokea
Plummer Vinson syndrome is not associated with:
- A. angular stomatitis
- B. splenomegaly
- C. clubbing
- D. post cricoid web
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: clubbing. Plummer Vinson syndrome is characterized by the triad of dysphagia, iron deficiency anemia, and esophageal webs. Clubbing is not a typical feature of this syndrome. Angular stomatitis (A), splenomegaly (B), and post cricoid web (D) are all associated with Plummer Vinson syndrome. Angular stomatitis is due to iron deficiency anemia, splenomegaly can be present due to chronic anemia, and post cricoid web is a characteristic finding in the esophagus of patients with this syndrome.
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The nurse is monitoring a patient receiving a blood product and is concerned that the blood is going to deteriorate before it is complete infused. What is the maximum time that blood can hang during infusion before it begins to deteriorate?
- A. 1 hour
- B. 2 hours
- C. 3 hours
- D. 4 hours
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 4 hours. Blood products typically have a maximum hang time of 4 hours to prevent bacterial contamination and ensure the integrity of the product. Beyond 4 hours, the risk of bacterial growth and contamination increases, leading to potential harm for the patient. Therefore, it is crucial to adhere to this time limit to maintain the safety and effectiveness of the blood product.
Summary:
- A (1 hour), B (2 hours), and C (3 hours) are incorrect because they do not align with the standard maximum hang time for blood products, which is 4 hours. Adhering to this time limit is essential to prevent deterioration and ensure patient safety.
What is the nurse's priority when caring for a client who just completed a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy?
- A. Teach the client to avoid activity for 24 to 48 hours to prevent infection.
- B. Administer a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to promote comfort.
- C. Check the pressure dressing frequently for signs of excessive or active bleeding.
- D. Report the laboratory results to the primary health care provider.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Check the pressure dressing frequently for signs of excessive or active bleeding. This is the priority because post bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, there is a risk of bleeding due to the procedure. By checking the dressing, the nurse can assess for any signs of excessive bleeding or hematoma formation, which are crucial to prevent complications.
A: Teaching the client to avoid activity is important but not the priority immediately post-procedure.
B: Administering NSAIDs may not be appropriate as they can increase the risk of bleeding.
D: Reporting the lab results is important but not the priority over ensuring immediate post-procedure safety.
Artemisinin and its derivatives are used in the treatment of severe forms of chloroquine-resistant falciparum because they have:
- A. Rapid gametocidal activity
- B. The ability to prevent further development of hypnozoites
- C. Rapid sporontocidal activity
- D. Rapid schizonticidal activity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rapid schizonticidal activity. Artemisinin and its derivatives target the malaria parasite at the schizont stage, which is crucial for the parasite's replication and survival. By rapidly killing schizonts, these drugs help in controlling the infection and preventing severe complications.
Choice A (Rapid gametocidal activity) is incorrect because artemisinin and its derivatives primarily target asexual stages of the parasite, not gametocytes. Choice B (The ability to prevent further development of hypnozoites) is incorrect as these drugs do not target the liver stages where hypnozoites develop. Choice C (Rapid sporontocidal activity) is incorrect as artemisinin derivatives do not primarily target the sexual stages of the parasite.
In summary, the correct answer is D because of the drugs' effectiveness against the schizont stage, while the other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the mechanism of action of artemisinin
A patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is receiving information from the oncology nurse. The patient asks the nurse why she should stop drinking and smoking and stay out of the sun. What would be the nurse's best response?
- A. Everyone should do these things because they're health promotion activities that apply to everyone.
- B. You don't want to develop a second cancer, do you?
- C. You need to do this just to be on the safe side.
- D. It's important to reduce other factors that increase the risk of second cancers.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because reducing factors that increase the risk of second cancers is crucial for a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma due to the potential for developing secondary cancers. Alcohol, smoking, and sun exposure are known risk factors for various cancers, including secondary cancers. By avoiding these behaviors, the patient can decrease the likelihood of developing another cancer.
Choice A is incorrect because while health promotion activities are beneficial, the specific reason for a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to stop drinking, smoking, and avoiding sun exposure is to reduce the risk of second cancers, not just for general health.
Choice B is incorrect because it uses fear tactics and does not provide a clear rationale for why the patient should make these lifestyle changes.
Choice C is incorrect because it lacks a specific explanation for the importance of avoiding alcohol, smoking, and sun exposure in relation to reducing the risk of second cancers.
The nurse is reviewing the results of a patient's arterial blood gas analysis. What should the nurse recognize as being a normal blood pH?
- A. 7.29
- B. 7.31
- C. 7.38
- D. 7.48
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The normal blood pH range is 7.35-7.45. Choice C (7.38) falls within this range, indicating a normal pH level. Choices A (7.29) and D (7.48) are outside the normal range, indicating acidosis and alkalosis, respectively. Choice B (7.31) is slightly below the normal range, indicating mild acidosis. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it represents a normal blood pH level within the appropriate range.