Nokea
Positive and negative in the physical, emotional, intellectual, and functional dimensions change over time:
- A. Self-concept
- B. Self-identity
- C. Self-assessment
- D. Self-esteem
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Self-esteem reflects positive/negative evaluations across dimensions, changing over time.
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Which of the following methods is most effective when getting a consensus among family members of a patient who lacks decisionmaking capacity?
- A. Remove oneself from the room and allow the family to discuss among themselves
- B. Tactfully argue for the most effective procedure
- C. Use active listening to query about decision-making processes, expectations, and understanding of the patient's illness
- D. Ask the most senior member of the family to make the final decision
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Active listening facilitates consensus by understanding family dynamics.
Undesirable behaviour is also weakened or eliminated by
- A. Positive reinforcement
- B. Extinction
- C. Equilibrium
- D. All of these
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Extinction removes reinforcement to weaken behavior (Skinner).
A patient admitted yesterday for injuries sustained in a fall while intoxicated believes bugs are crawling on the bed. The patient is anxious, agitated, and diaphoretic. What is the priority nursing diagnosis?
- A. Ineffective airway clearance
- B. Ineffective coping
- C. Ineffective denial
- D. Risk for injury
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Risk for injury. This is the priority nursing diagnosis because the patient's current state of agitation and anxiety, coupled with the belief of bugs crawling on the bed, poses an immediate risk for self-injury. The patient's altered mental status and intoxication increase the likelihood of accidental harm.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Ineffective airway clearance - While this is always a critical concern, the patient's current presentation does not indicate any immediate threat to the airway.
B: Ineffective coping - While the patient may be experiencing distress, the primary focus should be on addressing the risk of injury given the patient's altered mental status.
C: Ineffective denial - While the patient may be experiencing hallucinations, the primary concern is the risk of injury rather than the patient's denial of the situation.
The child's ability to understand relationships develops during
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Understanding relationships, like classification, develops in the concrete operational stage (Piaget).
What cardiovascular medication is often introduced for persons suffering from performance anxiety, social phobia, or panic disorder?
- A. Propranolol (Inderal)
- B. Explosive occipital headache
- C. Clonazepam for myoclonus
- D. Course hand tremor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Propranolol (Inderal) is a beta-blocker commonly used to manage physical symptoms associated with anxiety, such as tremors and rapid heart rate. It is effective for performance anxiety, social phobia, and panic disorder by reducing physiological symptoms without affecting cognitive functions. Other choices like B, C, and D are not indicated for these conditions and do not target the cardiovascular symptoms associated with anxiety.