Nokea
Practices such as female genital mutilation and unsafe male circumcision are categorized as:
- A. Harmful traditional practices
- B. Encouraged in rural Zambia
- C. Recommended in modern surgery and IRH
- D. Safer sex practices
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Practices like female genital mutilation and unsafe male circumcision are considered harmful traditional practices due to the physical and psychological harm they cause. Choice A is correct as these practices are not safe or recommended. Choice B is incorrect, as harmful traditional practices are not encouraged anywhere. Choice C is incorrect as modern surgery and organizations like IRH aim to eliminate such practices, not recommend them. Choice D is incorrect as these practices are not related to safer sex practices but rather harmful practices that need to be eradicated.
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What does Community Participation in reproductive health mean?
- A. Engaging the community in all stages to ensure acceptability, appropriateness, and sustainability of reproductive health programs.
- B. Providing health services only to women of reproductive age.
- C. Providing reproductive health services without community involvement.
- D. Providing reproductive health services to the entire population without exceptions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Engaging the community in all stages to ensure acceptability, appropriateness, and sustainability of reproductive health programs. Community participation in reproductive health involves involving the community in planning, implementing, and evaluating programs to ensure they meet the needs and are sustainable. Choice B is incorrect because community participation is not limited to only women of reproductive age but involves the entire community. Choice C is incorrect as it emphasizes providing services without community involvement, which goes against the principles of community participation. Choice D is incorrect because community participation focuses on involving the community rather than providing services to the entire population without exceptions.
Septic abortion is characterized by:
- A. Backache.
- B. Os open.
- C. Heavy bleeding.
- D. Maternal pyrexia.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Which family planning method was alternatively provided by the family life movement?
- A. Use of condom
- B. Use of spermicides
- C. Use of natural family planning
- D. Use of hormonal pills
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The family life movement promoted natural family planning as an alternative method. Natural family planning involves tracking a woman's menstrual cycle to determine the fertile period, making it distinct from the other options provided. Condoms (Choice A) and spermicides (Choice B) are barrier methods, while hormonal pills (Choice D) involve the use of synthetic hormones to prevent pregnancy. Therefore, the correct answer is the use of natural family planning.
Which of the following is the description of a normal cervix on speculum examination in a non-pregnant woman of reproductive age?
- A. Bright red mucosa surrounding the cervical os, in turn surrounded by smooth, pink mucosa
- B. Pink mucosa with multiple small, fluid-filled protrusions
- C. Pink, glistening, smooth mucosa of the exocervix, with a small round or fish-mouthed cervical os
- D. Smooth, pink mucosa and a small, fleshy protrusion through the cervical os
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct description of a normal cervix on speculum examination in a non-pregnant woman of reproductive age is pink, glistening, smooth mucosa of the exocervix, with a small round or fish-mouthed cervical os. This appearance is characteristic of a healthy cervix. Choice A is incorrect as a bright red mucosa is not normal. Choice B is incorrect as multiple small, fluid-filled protrusions suggest a different condition. Choice D is incorrect as a fleshy protrusion through the cervical os is abnormal.
At 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, the breast changes include:
- A. Colostrum can be expressed.
- B. Breasts become tender.
- C. Montgomery's tubercles are prominent.
- D. Nipples become prominent and mobile.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, one of the changes in the breast includes the prominence of Montgomery's tubercles. These sebaceous glands around the nipple become more noticeable at this stage. Colostrum production usually occurs later in pregnancy, typically closer to the third trimester. While breast tenderness is a common symptom of early pregnancy, it is not specific to the 6-8 week timeframe. Nipples becoming more prominent and mobile may happen later in pregnancy as the body prepares for breastfeeding, but it is not a typical change seen specifically at 6-8 weeks.