Nokea
Prader Willi syndrome:
- A. Is caused by a maternal deletion of a part of chromosome 15
- B. Presents with macrosomia in infancy
- C. Developmental delay is common
- D. Behavioural problems are common
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Developmental delay is a common feature of Prader Willi syndrome, along with other symptoms such as hypotonia and feeding difficulties in infancy.
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Complications of long-term TPN administration are:
- A. Selenium deficiency
- B. Abnormal liver function tests
- C. Osteopaenia
- D. Renal failure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Selenium deficiency is a known complication of long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) due to inadequate trace element supplementation.
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) arrives at the clinic reporting shortness of breath on exertion and extreme weakness. Vital signs are temperature 100.4°F (38°C), heart rate 110 beats/minute, respirations 28 breaths/minute, and blood pressure 175/98 mmHg. The client usually receives dialysis three times a week but missed the last treatment. STAT blood specimens are sent to the laboratory for analysis. Which laboratory results should the nurse report to the healthcare provider immediately?
- A. Potassium 6.5 mEq/L (mmol/L)
- B. Potassium 6 mEq/L (mmol/L)
- C. Potassium 0.5 mEq/L (mmol/L)
- D. Potassium 1.5 mEq/L (mmol/L)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated potassium levels in CKD clients can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias, so this result needs immediate intervention.
Which finding would alert a nurse that a hospitalized 6-year-old child is at risk for a severe asthma exacerbation?
- A. Oxygen saturation of 95%
- B. Mild work of breathing
- C. Absence of intercostals or substernal retractions
- D. History of steroid-dependent asthma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A history of steroid-dependent asthma indicates severe asthma, increasing the risk of a life-threatening exacerbation.
The following criteria are indications for further investigation of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) that could require suppressive therapy EXCEPT
- A. multiform PVCs
- B. disappear during exercise
- C. R-on-T phenomenon
- D. extreme frequency of beats
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PVCs that disappear during exercise are less concerning and do not necessarily require suppressive therapy.
What are FIVE indications for pacemaker insertion in a child with congenital heart block?
- A. Symptomatic bradycardia
- B. Ventricular dysfunction or low cardiac output
- C. Wide QRS escape
- D. Complex ventricular ectopy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Symptomatic bradycardia is the most common indication for pacemaker insertion in children with congenital heart block, to ensure adequate heart rate and perfusion.