Nokea
Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with
- A. shorter neonatal length
- B. lower birthweight
- C. changes in neonatal behavior
- D. neonatal diabetes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neonatal diabetes is not commonly associated with prenatal cigarette smoke exposure.
You may also like to solve these questions
One of the dangers of treating hypernatremia is:
- A. Red blood cell crenation
- B. Cerebral edema
- C. Red blood cell hydrolysis
- D. Renal shutdown
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypernatremia is a condition characterized by high levels of sodium in the blood. When hypernatremia is treated too rapidly or aggressively, a rapid decrease in serum sodium levels may occur. This rapid change in serum sodium concentration can cause water to move into brain cells, leading to cerebral edema. Cerebral edema is a dangerous complication associated with the potential to cause increased intracranial pressure, neurological deficits, and even death. It is crucial to correct hypernatremia slowly and carefully to prevent such complications.
For a client in addisonian crisis, it would be very risky for a nurse to administer:
- A. potassium chloride.
- B. hydrocortisone.
- C. normal saline solution
- D. fludrocortisone.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Addisonian crisis, also known as acute adrenal crisis, is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is a severe deficiency in cortisol and aldosterone hormones, usually resulting from adrenal gland insufficiency. In this situation, it is crucial to administer hydrocortisone (a synthetic form of cortisol) promptly to replace the lacking hormone. Potassium levels in individuals experiencing an Addisonian crisis can be elevated due to the lack of aldosterone, which normally helps regulate electrolyte levels such as potassium. Therefore, administering potassium chloride in this scenario can lead to further complications and exacerbate the existing electrolyte imbalance. In contrast, normal saline solution can help with fluid and electrolyte balance, and fludrocortisone can be administered to replace the deficient aldosterone.
Which of the ff is a sign or symptom of asthma?
- A. Production of abnormally thick, sticky mucus in lungs
- B. Faulty transport of sodium in lung cells
- C. Paroxysms or shortness of breath
- D. Altered electrolyte balance in the sweat glands
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Paroxysms, or sudden attacks, of shortness of breath are a common sign or symptom of asthma. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which leads to difficulty breathing. During an asthma attack, individuals may experience sudden and severe shortness of breath, often accompanied by wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness. These paroxysms of breathlessness are a hallmark feature of asthma and indicate the presence of airway inflammation and constriction.
A 9mo-old infant develops a left adrenal mass; histological examination with genetic characteristics confirms neuroblastoma. Which of the following carries a better outcome?
- A. amplification of the MYCN (N-myc) proto-oncogene
- B. hyperdiploidy
- C. loss of heterozygosity of 17q chromosome
- D. loss of 1p chromosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperdiploidy is associated with a better prognosis in neuroblastoma.
A nurse is teaching parents about prevention and treatment of colic. Which should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
- A. Avoid use of pacifiers.
- B. Eliminate all second-hand smoke contact.
- C. Lay infant flat after feeding.
- D. Avoid swaddling the infant.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Second-hand smoke exposure has been linked to an increased risk of colic in infants. Colic is a condition characterized by excessive, inconsolable crying in otherwise healthy infants. By eliminating all second-hand smoke contact, the nurse is helping to reduce potential triggers for colic and promoting a healthier environment for the infant. This is an important aspect of prevention and treatment that should be emphasized in the teaching plan for parents.