Nokea
Prenatal screening is recommended for all pregnant women to detect neural tube defect. If a neural tube defect is present, one of the following is often elevated
- A. human chorionic gonadotropin
- B. a-fetoprotein
- C. estriol
- D. inhibin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are elevated in maternal serum when a neural tube defect is present due to fetal leakage of AFP into the amniotic fluid and maternal circulation.
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A mother requests that her child receive the varicella vaccine at the 9-month checkup. The nurse's best response is:
- A. Vaccinated children will likely develop a mild case of chickenpox.
- B. The varicella vaccine is not usually administered before 1 year of age.
- C. The vaccine will be given after the doctor examines your child.
- D. A booster will be needed at 18 months.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The varicella vaccine is typically not given until the child is 12 months or older.
Which finding requires immediate attention in a child with glomerulonephritis?
- A. Sleeping most of the day with BP 170/90.
- B. Urine output of 190 mL in 8 hours with Coca-Cola-colored urine.
- C. Severe headache and photophobia.
- D. Refusal to eat with poor appetite.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A severe headache with photophobia may indicate hypertensive encephalopathy; this requires prompt evaluation.
In an individual with Sjogren's syndrome, nursing care should focus on:
- A. Moisture replacement
- B. Nutritional supplementation
- C. Electrolyte balance
- D. Arrhythmia management
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by dryness of the eyes and mouth due to the destruction of moisture-producing glands. Nursing care for individuals with Sjogren's syndrome should focus on addressing the symptoms related to dryness. Moisture replacement is key in managing dry eyes and dry mouth, which can improve the patient's comfort and quality of life. Strategies for moisture replacement may include the use of artificial tears, saliva substitutes, and humidifiers to maintain adequate hydration and alleviate dryness. Nutritional supplementation, electrolyte balance, and arrhythmia management are not typically the primary focus of nursing care in individuals with Sjogren's syndrome.
A mother of a term neonate asks what the thick, white, cheesy coating is on his skin. Which correctly describes this finding?
- A. Lanugo
- B. Milia
- C. Nevus flammeus
- D. Vernix 6
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The thick, white, cheesy coating on the skin of a newborn baby is called vernix caseosa. It is a substance produced by the fetal sebaceous glands and is meant to protect the baby's skin while in the amniotic fluid. Vernix helps to maintain the skin's hydration, provides a barrier against infection, and aids in the transition from the wet intrauterine environment to the dry extrauterine world. It is usually found on the skin of term newborns but can be present in preterm babies as well. As the baby is exposed to air and dries off, the vernix will naturally diminish.
Choose the condition th₃aâ»t exhibits blood values with a low pH and a low plasma bicarbonate concentration:
- A. Respiratory acidosis
- B. Metabolic acidosis
- C. Respiratory alkalosis
- D. Metabolic alkalosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is a condition characterized by a low pH (acidemia) and a low plasma bicarbonate concentration. In this condition, the body either produces too much acid, kidneys cannot remove enough acid, or there is a bicarbonate loss. This leads to an excess of hydrogen ions in the body, resulting in a decrease in pH and bicarbonate levels. Respiratory acidosis, on the other hand, is characterized by a low pH and a high carbon dioxide concentration. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and a low carbon dioxide concentration. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and a high bicarbonate concentration.