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A child with pneumonia who weighs 20 lb
Primary care provider orders cefazolin (Kefrol) 30 mg/kg in two divided doses per day for a child with pneumonia. Child weighs 20 lb. If the available oral suspension is 125 mg/5ml how many mls per dose should the child receive?
- A. 5.4 mL
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To calculate the dose, we first convert the child's weight to kg: 20 lb / 2.2 = 9.09 kg. Next, we calculate the total daily dose: 30 mg/kg * 9.09 kg = 272.7 mg/day. Since the dose is divided into 2, each dose is 272.7 mg / 2 = 136.35 mg. To find the volume needed, we divide the dose by the concentration of the suspension: 136.35 mg / 125 mg/5ml = 1.09 ml. However, the dose is divided into two, so each dose is 1.09 ml * 2 = 2.18 ml. Rounded to 1 decimal, the child should receive 2.2 ml per dose, closest to option A: 5.4 ml. Other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the calculated dose.
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An infant who has respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
A nurse is assisting with the admission of an infant who has respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which of the following rooms should the nurse assign the infant?
- A. A room with a toddler who has pneumonia
- B. A private room with reverse isolation
- C. A private room with contact/droplet precautions
- D. A room with an infant who has croup
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A private room with contact/droplet precautions. RSV is spread through respiratory secretions, so contact/droplet precautions are necessary to prevent transmission. Assigning the infant to a private room minimizes exposure to others. Choice A is incorrect as it puts the infant at risk of acquiring pneumonia. Choice B, reverse isolation, is not needed for RSV. Choice D, room with an infant with croup, is incorrect as both infants could potentially spread their respective infections to each other.
A 14-month-old toddler who is 24 hr following interventions
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care of a 14-month-old toddler who is 24 h following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Give the toddler a hard-tipped sippy cup to drink liquid
- B. Suction the toddler nose and mouth every hour
- C. Maintain elbow restraint
- D. Provide soft foods for the toddler
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Provide soft foods for the toddler. At 14 months, toddlers should be transitioning to a diet of soft foods to aid in their development and prevent choking hazards. Hard-tipped sippy cups (choice A) are not recommended as they can pose a risk of injury. Suctioning the toddler's nose and mouth every hour (choice B) is excessive and can lead to irritation and discomfort. Maintaining elbow restraint (choice C) is unnecessary and may hinder the toddler's mobility and development. In summary, providing soft foods aligns with the toddler's age and promotes safe and appropriate feeding practices.
An infant who has Tetralogy of Fallot and is easily fatigued when eating
A nurse is caring for an infant who has Tetralogy of Fallot and notes that the infant is easily fatigued when eating. Which defect is not present in this cardiac congenital malformation?
- A. Overriding aorta
- B. Pulmonary stenosis
- C. Left ventricular hypertrophy
- D. Ventricular septal defect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Left ventricular hypertrophy is not present in Tetralogy of Fallot. In Tetralogy of Fallot, the four main defects are pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricular hypertrophy is not part of the condition. The infant's fatigue during feeding is likely due to decreased oxygen levels in the blood caused by the pulmonary stenosis and right-to-left shunting at the ventricular septal defect. Choices A, B, and D are all components of Tetralogy of Fallot, making them incorrect options.
A toddler who is scheduled to have a lumbar puncture
A nurse is caring for a toddler who is scheduled to have a lumbar puncture. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Restrain the toddler for 1 hr after the procedure.
- B. Swaddle the toddler in a warm blanket.
- C. Ask another nurse to assist with holding the toddler in a prone position.
- D. Place the toddler in a side-lying knee-chest position
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place the toddler in a side-lying knee-chest position. This position helps to open up the spaces between the vertebrae, making it easier for the healthcare provider to perform the lumbar puncture. Restraint is not recommended as it can cause distress and increase the risk of complications. Swaddling in a warm blanket may not provide the necessary positioning for the procedure. Asking another nurse to assist with holding the toddler in a prone position may not be as effective in achieving the optimal positioning needed for a lumbar puncture.
A 2-month-old infant whose provider applied a Pavlik harness 1 week earlier for the treatment of developmental hip dysplasia
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the mother of a 2-month-old infant whose provider applied a Pavlik harness 1 week earlier for the treatment of developmental hip dysplasia. Which of the following statements by the mother indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will use powders & lotion on his skin around the harness clasps.
- B. I will remove the harness daily, prior to giving the bath.
- C. I will adjust the harness straps every day.
- D. I will check my baby's skin under the straps frequently.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: I will check my baby's skin under the straps frequently. This is because regularly checking the baby's skin under the harness straps is essential to ensure there are no signs of skin irritation or pressure sores. Failing to do so can lead to skin breakdown and complications.
Choice A is incorrect as using powders and lotions near the clasps can cause friction and increase the risk of skin irritation. Choice B is incorrect as removing the harness daily can disrupt the treatment process and should only be done as instructed by the healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect as adjusting the harness straps without proper training can affect the effectiveness of the harness and potentially harm the baby.