microbiology chapter 10 test bank

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Primary immunodeficiency diseases are all of the listed, EXCEPT:

  • A. Glanzmann-Riniker hypergammaglobulinemia
  • B. Gamma globulin
  • C. Variable hypogammaglobulinemia
  • D. Bruton hypogammaglobulinemia
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gamma globulin, as it is not a primary immunodeficiency disease. Primary immunodeficiency diseases are genetic disorders that affect the immune system's ability to fight infections.

A: Glanzmann-Riniker hypergammaglobulinemia is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by elevated levels of gammaglobulins.
C: Variable hypogammaglobulinemia is a primary immunodeficiency disease where there are fluctuating levels of gammaglobulins.
D: Bruton hypogammaglobulinemia, also known as X-linked agammaglobulinemia, is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by a lack of B cells and gammaglobulins.

In summary, B is the correct answer as gamma globulin is not a primary immunodeficiency disease, whereas A, C, and D are all examples of primary immunodeficiency diseases affecting gammaglobulins levels.

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An infectious diseases hospital admitted a veterinarian with assumed brucellosis. What serologic test can confirm this diagnosis?

  • A. Wright's agglutination reaction
  • B. Widal's agglutination reaction
  • C. Ascoli's precipitation reaction
  • D. Weigl's agglutination reaction
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wright's agglutination reaction. For brucellosis diagnosis, this test detects antibodies against Brucella species. Wright's test specifically targets agglutinins, which are produced in response to Brucella infection. The other choices are incorrect because:
B: Widal's test is used for typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi.
C: Ascoli's test is for pneumococcal infections.
D: Weigl's test is used for typhus fever caused by Rickettsia prowazekii.

There is a suspicion of active tuberculosis development in patient. The doctor has appointed Mantoux test to make a diagnosis. What immunobiological agent has to be administered?

  • A. Tuberculine
  • B. BCG vaccine
  • C. DPT vaccine
  • D. Tularin test
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tuberculine. The Mantoux test involves injecting tuberculin, a protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, under the skin. This test helps determine if a person has been exposed to the bacteria that cause TB. Administering tuberculin is crucial for the Mantoux test as it triggers a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in individuals previously exposed to TB. Choice B (BCG vaccine) is incorrect because BCG does not interfere with the Mantoux test results. Choice C (DPT vaccine) is incorrect as it is used for immunization against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus, not for diagnosing TB. Choice D (Tularin test) is incorrect as it is not a recognized immunobiological agent for TB diagnosis.

What is the function of teichoic acid in Gram-positive bacteria?

  • A. Cell wall rigidity
  • B. Energy production
  • C. Spore formation
  • D. Motility
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cell wall rigidity. Teichoic acid in Gram-positive bacteria helps to maintain the structural integrity of the cell wall by providing rigidity and stability. It also plays a role in regulating the movement of ions across the cell membrane. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because teichoic acid is not involved in energy production, spore formation, or motility in bacteria. It primarily functions in cell wall maintenance and integrity.

A patient returning from Congo republic a week ago is with fever, headache vomiting and diarrhea, Three days after his admission to the infectious ward, despite antibiotic therapy, severe hemorrhagic syndrome developed and as well as CNS involvement, The diagnosis is hemorrhagic fever. Which of these viruses can be a causative agent?

  • A. SARS CoV
  • B. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
  • C. Ebola virus
  • D. ECHO 9
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ebola virus. The patient's symptoms align with Ebola virus infection, including fever, severe hemorrhagic syndrome, and CNS involvement. Ebola virus is known to cause hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality rates.

A: SARS CoV causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, which typically presents with respiratory symptoms, not hemorrhagic fever.

B: Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus usually causes a mild illness with flu-like symptoms, not severe hemorrhagic syndrome.

D: ECHO 9 virus is associated with aseptic meningitis, not hemorrhagic fever.

A sputum smear from a patient with pneumonia revealed Gram-positive diplococci with pointed ends surrounded by capsules. What microorganism is most likely?

  • A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • B. Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • C. Neisseria meningitidis
  • D. Staphylococcus aureus
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Gram-positive diplococci with pointed ends indicate Streptococcus pneumoniae.
2. Presence of capsules supports the likelihood of S. pneumoniae.
3. S. pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia.
4. Klebsiella pneumoniae is Gram-negative and does not form diplococci.
5. Neisseria meningitidis typically causes meningitis, not pneumonia.
6. Staphylococcus aureus is Gram-positive but does not typically present as diplococci in pneumonia cases.