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Primary prevention for older adults includes:
Correct Answer:
Rationale: Correct Answer: Regular physical activity and healthy diet
Rationale:
1. Regular physical activity helps maintain cardiovascular health, muscle strength, and balance in older adults, reducing the risk of falls and chronic diseases.
2. A healthy diet provides essential nutrients for overall health and helps prevent conditions like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.
3. Both components are key in primary prevention by promoting overall well-being, reducing the risk of age-related health issues, and enhancing quality of life.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Annual health screenings - While important for early detection, screenings alone do not prevent health issues.
B: Social isolation prevention programs - Important for mental health, but not primary prevention.
C: Routine medication management - Important for managing existing conditions, not primary prevention.
D: Memory enhancement exercises - Beneficial for cognitive health but not primary prevention for physical health issues in older adults.
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All of the following except___ can occur due to the decreased tactile sensations that occur in the older person.
- A. Burns on feet and hands due to inability to feel the temperature of bath water
- B. Social isolation due to not wanting to be touched
- C. Development of sores on feet due to inability to feel pressure and injury
- D. Increased tendency to fall due to decreased sensation of feet to floor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because social isolation is not directly related to decreased tactile sensations. A, C, and D are consequences of decreased tactile sensations in older individuals. A can occur due to not feeling the temperature, C due to not feeling pressure and injury, and D due to decreased sensation causing falls. Social isolation is more related to emotional or psychological factors rather than physical sensations. It is crucial to differentiate between physical consequences and social consequences when considering the effects of decreased tactile sensations in older individuals.
An older man in a nursing home has high cholesterol (245 mg/dL). Which intervention helps him achieve the highest level of wellness?
- A. Instruct him about increasing dietary fiber.
- B. Ask the health care provider for a low-fat diet.
- C. Schedule a consultation for him with the dietitian.
- D. Review a menu with him to choose suitable foods.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because reviewing a menu with the older man allows for personalized food selection, taking into account his preferences and dietary restrictions. This approach promotes adherence to a healthy eating plan, leading to better cholesterol management and overall wellness.
Choice A is not the best option as simply instructing him to increase dietary fiber may not address his specific dietary needs. Choice B suggests asking the health care provider for a low-fat diet, which may not consider the individual's food preferences or cultural background. Choice C of scheduling a consultation with a dietitian is a good option, but it may not be as immediately accessible or practical as reviewing a menu together with the individual.
An older patient worries that simple tasks, like balancing a checkbook, take longer. How should the nurse respond?
- A. “Normal brain changes with aging slow central processing, so don’t worry.”
- B. “This is abnormal and needs immediate physician evaluation.”
- C. “Changes in brain function lead to decreased intellectual performance.”
- D. “Any change in function is concerning and needs evaluation.”
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Acknowledge patient's concern.
Step 2: Educate on normal aging changes affecting cognitive function.
Step 3: Reassure patient that slight delays in tasks are common.
Step 4: Encourage healthy habits to support cognitive function.
Step 5: Emphasize the importance of monitoring any significant changes.
Summary:
Choice A is correct as it addresses the concern, educates on normal aging changes, reassures the patient, and provides guidance on monitoring. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they either suggest immediate evaluation without considering normal aging changes or provide inaccurate information about brain function in aging.
Identify the best statement about gerontological nursing.
- A. Nurses have only recently become involved in the care of older adults.
- B. Gerontological care was the second specialty in which the American Nurses Association (ANA) offered a certification program.
- C. Purposes of gerontological nursing include the promotion of health and support for maximal independence.
- D. ANA certification is available only for gerontological nurses in research positions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because gerontological nursing focuses on promoting health and maximizing independence in older adults. This statement aligns with the core principles of gerontological nursing, which emphasize holistic care and quality of life for elderly individuals. Choice A is incorrect because nurses have been involved in caring for older adults for a long time. Choice B is incorrect because gerontological care was not the second specialty certified by the ANA. Choice D is incorrect because ANA certification is not limited only to research positions in gerontological nursing.
When assessing the health status of super-centenarians in a long-term care facility, which statement is most accurate regarding their general capabilities?
- A. A significant number of super-centenarians are dependent on full-time nursing care for daily activities.
- B. Many super-centenarians exhibit a high level of functional independence despite their advanced age.
- C. The majority of super-centenarians are unable to engage in social activities due to health limitations.
- D. Most super-centenarians experience severe cognitive decline that affects their daily living.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because super-centenarians, who are individuals aged 110 years or older, often exhibit a high level of functional independence despite their advanced age. This is supported by research showing that many super-centenarians maintain physical and cognitive abilities that allow them to perform daily activities without significant assistance. This statement aligns with the concept of successful aging, where individuals maintain autonomy and independence in later years.
Option A is incorrect because a significant number of super-centenarians are not dependent on full-time nursing care for daily activities. Option C is incorrect as many super-centenarians can still engage in social activities despite health limitations. Option D is incorrect as most super-centenarians do not experience severe cognitive decline that affects their daily living.