basic geriatric nursing 6th edition test bank

basic geriatric nursing 6th edition test bank Related

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Primary prevention for older adults includes:

Correct Answer:

Rationale: Correct Answer: Regular physical activity and healthy diet

Rationale:
1. Regular physical activity helps maintain cardiovascular health, muscle strength, and balance in older adults, reducing the risk of falls and chronic diseases.
2. A healthy diet provides essential nutrients for overall health and helps prevent conditions like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.
3. Both components are key in primary prevention by promoting overall well-being, reducing the risk of age-related health issues, and enhancing quality of life.

Incorrect Choices:
A: Annual health screenings - While important for early detection, screenings alone do not prevent health issues.
B: Social isolation prevention programs - Important for mental health, but not primary prevention.
C: Routine medication management - Important for managing existing conditions, not primary prevention.
D: Memory enhancement exercises - Beneficial for cognitive health but not primary prevention for physical health issues in older adults.

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An older patient worries that simple tasks, like balancing a checkbook, take longer. How should the nurse respond?

  • A. “Normal brain changes with aging slow central processing, so don’t worry.”
  • B. “This is abnormal and needs immediate physician evaluation.”
  • C. “Changes in brain function lead to decreased intellectual performance.”
  • D. “Any change in function is concerning and needs evaluation.”
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Acknowledge patient's concern.
Step 2: Educate on normal aging changes affecting cognitive function.
Step 3: Reassure patient that slight delays in tasks are common.
Step 4: Encourage healthy habits to support cognitive function.
Step 5: Emphasize the importance of monitoring any significant changes.

Summary:
Choice A is correct as it addresses the concern, educates on normal aging changes, reassures the patient, and provides guidance on monitoring. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they either suggest immediate evaluation without considering normal aging changes or provide inaccurate information about brain function in aging.

Which of the following is the most important intervention to prevent pressure ulcers in older adults?

  • A. Regular repositioning every 2 hours
  • B. Administering pain medications before repositioning
  • C. Encouraging excessive hydration
  • D. Using restrictive bandages
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Regular repositioning every 2 hours. Repositioning helps to relieve pressure on vulnerable areas, improving blood flow and preventing tissue damage. This intervention is evidence-based and recommended in pressure ulcer prevention guidelines. Administering pain medications before repositioning (B) does not address the root cause of pressure ulcers. Encouraging excessive hydration (C) may have other health benefits but does not directly prevent pressure ulcers. Using restrictive bandages (D) can actually increase pressure and worsen the risk of pressure ulcers.

Mandatory retirement at age 65 years is consistent with which theory of aging?

  • A. Role theory
  • B. Disengagement theory
  • C. Age-stratification theory
  • D. Social exchange theory
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Disengagement theory. This theory suggests that as people age, they naturally withdraw or disengage from societal roles and responsibilities. Mandatory retirement at age 65 aligns with this theory as it reflects the societal expectation of older individuals stepping back from work roles. Role theory (A) focuses on how individuals adapt to various social roles throughout their lives, not specifically related to retirement. Age-stratification theory (C) emphasizes how age impacts societal structures and opportunities, not retirement policies. Social exchange theory (D) focuses on relationships and interactions based on the exchange of resources, not specifically related to retirement age policies.

A nurse caring for older adults must be aware of which consequences of ageism in language? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. Reduced sense of self
  • B. Poor nutritional intake
  • C. Lowered sense of self-competence
  • D. Decreased memory performance
Correct Answer: A, C, D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Reduced sense of self: Ageist language can contribute to older adults feeling devalued and less confident.
2. Lowered sense of self-competence: Negative language can impact self-esteem and belief in one's abilities.
3. Decreased memory performance: Ageist language can reinforce negative stereotypes, leading to self-doubt and cognitive decline.
Summary of incorrect choices:
B: Poor nutritional intake - Not directly related to consequences of ageism in language.
Incorrect choices do not address the psychological and emotional impacts of ageist language on older adults.

An 81 yr old female presents to the ED with altered level of consciousness. All of the following except____ are possible causes for this condition.

  • A. peripheral arterial disease
  • B. hypoglycemia
  • C. pneumonia
  • D. hypotension from dehydration
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: peripheral arterial disease. Altered level of consciousness in an 81-year-old female is unlikely to be directly caused by peripheral arterial disease. Instead, hypoglycemia, pneumonia, and hypotension from dehydration are common causes of altered mental status in the elderly. Hypoglycemia can lead to brain dysfunction, pneumonia can cause low oxygen levels affecting brain function, and dehydration-induced hypotension can reduce blood flow to the brain. Therefore, peripheral arterial disease is not typically a direct cause of altered consciousness in this scenario.

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