Nokea
Psychologicalization of illness' is best defined by which of following statements?
- A. Redefinition of illness as an intangible process
- B. Examination of the effects of physical illness on a patient's mental capacity
- C. The stress response to acute illness
- D. Overemphasis on psychological factors without just evidence
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Psychologicalization overattributes symptoms to mental causes without evidence.
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In order to best evaluate the achievement of goals of individual stress management group members, the nurse leading the group:
- A. Has each member at the last meeting write a short description of how the sessions helped him or her manage stress more effectively.
- B. Asks each member at each session to demonstrate a stress management technique he or she has learned while attending the sessions.
- C. Periodically asks the members to rate their ability to manage stress using the techniques learned in the group sessions on a Likert scale.
- D. Has each member's ability to manage stress evaluated by the group at the final session.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because using a Likert scale to periodically ask group members to rate their ability to manage stress with the techniques learned provides quantitative data for evaluating progress. This method allows for tracking changes over time and identifying trends in stress management improvement.
A is incorrect because it relies on subjective self-reporting at the last meeting only, which may not capture ongoing progress. B is incorrect as it focuses on individual demonstrations at each session, which may not reflect overall stress management improvement. D is incorrect as it relies on group evaluation at the final session, which may not provide consistent and individualized feedback throughout the program.
The theorist who believes in social interaction is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. Lev Vygotsky
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lev Vygotsky's theory emphasizes social interaction as key to cognitive growth.
Which level of Maslows hierarchy of need pyramid is necessary for survival?
- A. Love and belonging
- B. Physiological needs
- C. Self-actualization
- D. Safety and security
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Physiological needs are the foundation of the pyramid; they must be met before any other needs can be addressed.
Which statement made by a client who has been the victim of physical abuse by her partner supports the nurse's belief that the client has developed competence?
- A. Women in my family seem to be destined to be victims.'
- B. I have the strength to leave if I ever begin to feel threatened.'
- C. My partner loves me but he has an anger management issue.'
- D. He cares about me and has promised never to hurt me again.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it demonstrates the client's understanding of her own agency and ability to take control of her situation. By acknowledging her strength to leave if she feels threatened, the client shows an awareness of her own capabilities and empowerment. This statement indicates that the client is moving towards autonomy and taking steps to ensure her safety.
Choice A reflects a sense of fatalism and resignation, which does not demonstrate competence. Choice C minimizes the abuse by attributing it to an external factor (anger management issue) rather than recognizing it as a pattern of behavior. Choice D relies on the abuser's promises rather than the client's own actions and decision-making, which does not indicate competence.
The nurse is contributing to a teaching plan. What should the nurse emphasize as being the most effective method known to control the spread of HIV infection?
- A. Premarital serological screening
- B. Prophylactic exposure treatment
- C. HIV screening for pregnant women
- D. Education about preventive behaviors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Education about preventive behaviors. This is the most effective method to control the spread of HIV infection because it empowers individuals with knowledge on how to prevent transmission through safe practices such as condom use and avoiding sharing needles. Premarital serological screening (A) may only identify HIV infection in one partner and does not address prevention. Prophylactic exposure treatment (B) is a form of post-exposure prophylaxis, not a primary prevention method. HIV screening for pregnant women (C) is important for preventing mother-to-child transmission but does not directly control the spread among the general population.