Nokea
Psychosis in children is suggested by:
- A. Absence of speech
- B. Intense outbursts of temper
- C. Recurrence of bed-wetting following a period of control
- D. Feelings of depersonalisation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Feelings of depersonalisation are a hallmark of psychosis. Absence of speech and temper outbursts are nonspecific, and bed-wetting is not diagnostic.
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A client with an acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has localized pain and inflammation of the fingers and feet; swelling, redness, and restricted joint motion; and reports feeling fatigued. Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority for this client?
- A. Pain related to joint inflammation
- B. Impaired physical mobility.
- C. Risk for infection.
- D. Disturbed sleep pattern.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pain is the most immediate and distressing symptom for the client and should be addressed first to improve comfort and quality of life.
A nurse is teaching nursing students the physiology of congenital heart defects. Which defect results in decreased pulmonary blood flow?
- A. Atrial septal defect
- B. Tetralogy of Fallot
- C. Ventricular septal defect
- D. Patent ductus arteriosus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot results in decreased blood flow to the lungs. The pulmonic stenosis increases the pressure in the right ventricle, causing the blood to go from right to left across the ventricular septal defect. Atrial and ventricular septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus result in increased pulmonary blood flow.
The following drugs cause hypokalaemia:
- A. Commencement of digoxin for atrial fibrillation
- B. ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors
- C. Salbutamol for asthma
- D. Vitamin B1 for the treatment of pernicious anaemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Salbutamol can cause hypokalaemia. Digoxin, ACE inhibitors, and vitamin B1 do not typically cause hypokalaemia.
Regarding a supracristal VSD, the following are true EXCEPT
- A. incidence is higher in Asian children
- B. complicated by aortic insufficiency in 50-90% of patients
- C. aortic insufficiency is most often not recognized until late in the lst decade of life
- D. murmur of a supracristal VSD is usually heard at the mid to upper left sternal border
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Closure of asymptomatic supracristal VSDs at the time of diagnosis is not recommended.
The following are examples of acquired heart disease. Select all that apply.
- A. Infective endocarditis
- B. Coarctation of the aorta
- C. Rheumatic fever (RF)
- D. Cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acquired heart diseases include conditions that develop after birth, such as infective endocarditis, rheumatic fever, cardiomyopathy, and Kawasaki disease. Coarctation of the aorta and transposition of the great vessels are congenital heart defects.