Nokea
Pulmonary hypotension in a neonate associate with
- A. Diaphragmatic hernia
- B. Oxygen therapy
- C. Meconium aspiration
- D. Pneumothrax
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diaphragmatic hernia can lead to decreased lung expansion and pulmonary hypotension.
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The following criteria are indications for further investigation of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) that could require suppressive therapy EXCEPT
- A. multiform PVCs
- B. disappear during exercise
- C. R-on-T phenomenon
- D. extreme frequency of beats
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PVCs that disappear during exercise are less concerning and do not necessarily require suppressive therapy.
The following are suggestive of abnormal language development:
- A. Not localising sound at 4 months of age
- B. No response to human words at 6 weeks
- C. Not understanding 'no' at 18 months of age
- D. Does not move to music at 2 years of age
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failure to understand simple commands like 'no' by 18 months is a red flag for abnormal language development.
Type I renal tubular acidosis:
- A. Only occurs in children
- B. Is caused by a failure of ammonium ion secretion
- C. Is associated with renal calcification
- D. Typically leads to hypovolaemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type I renal tubular acidosis is characterized by a failure in ammonium ion secretion, leading to a failure to acidify urine, which can result in metabolic acidosis.
Which is an important nursing consideration when chest tubes will be removed from a child?
- A. Explain that it is not painful.
- B. Explain that only a Band-Aid will be needed.
- C. Administer analgesics before the procedure.
- D. Expect bright red drainage for several hours after removal.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is appropriate to prepare the child for the removal of chest tubes with analgesics. Short-acting medications can be used that are administered through an existing IV line. A sharp, momentary pain is felt. This should not be misrepresented to the child. A petroleum gauze, air-tight dressing will be needed, but it is not a pain-free procedure. Little or no drainage should be found on removal.
Common causes of recurrent abdominal pain include:
- A. Gilbert syndrome
- B. Chronic constipation
- C. Functional cause
- D. Gastric ulcer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Functional abdominal pain is a common cause of recurrent abdominal pain in children, often without an identifiable organic cause.