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Questions about current and past use of prescription medications would probably be part of which of the following?
- A. The client's past health history
- B. The client's history of present illness
- C. The client's chief complaint
- D. The functional assessment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client's past health history includes identifying childhood diseases and prior hospitalizations. History of present illness is gathered when the nurse asks the client to describe all present problems, including the onset, frequency, and duration of symptoms. A chief complaint is the current reason the client is seeking care. A functional assessment determines how well the client can perform activities of daily living.
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The client is being interviewed by the nurse and is asked what symptoms they have had to bring them to the clinic. Which of the following data collected is considered subjective?
- A. Blood pressure of 110/60 mm Hg
- B. Client states, 'My chest feels tight.'
- C. Bowel sounds present in 4 quadrants
- D. Client's skin is warm and dry.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Subjective data are statements clients make about what they feel. The other data are objective because they are facts that are obtained through observation.
The client arrives at the clinic reports 'coughing, a sore throat, and running a fever for 2 days.' What are these feelings of discomfort called?
- A. Signs
- B. Objective data
- C. Symptoms
- D. Clinical signs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When clients report nausea, pain, fear, bloating, or other feelings of discomfort, they are providing subjective data. These feelings of discomfort are classed as symptoms. Signs are objective data that are abnormal, and objective data is what the nurses obtain through observation, physical examination, and diagnostic testing. Clinical signs are the same as signs.
The nurse is completing a physical examination on a client who reports abdominal pain. Which are facts the nurse will obtain during the physical examination?
- A. Symptoms
- B. Objective data
- C. Subjective data
- D. Complaints
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Objective data are facts obtained through observation, physical examination, and diagnostic testing. Feelings related to subjective data are symptoms. Subjective data are statements clients make about what they feel. Complaints are reasons the client is seeking care.
The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain and is suspected to have appendicitis. What data obtained is considered objective data?
- A. Bowel sounds hypoactive in the right lower quadrant
- B. Complaints of pain when right lower quadrant palpated
- C. Client states that the pain began 3 hours ago
- D. Client states feeling nauseated.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Objective data are facts obtained through observation, physical examination, and diagnostic testing. When assessing blood pressure or heart rate, or examining results from urinalysis, the nurse is obtaining objective data. The other answers are examples of subjective data.
The nurse has received a client in the emergency department who is very short of breath. The nurse only wants to ask closed questions to decrease the workload on the client. What would be an example of a question for the nurse to ask?
- A. Can you tell me about the precipitating factors that lead you to come to the hospital?'
- B. What did you do when the shortness of breath began?'
- C. Do you use oxygen at home?'
- D. Can you give me a history of previous medical problems?'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Do you use oxygen at home?' is a closed-ended question that only requires a yes or no answer. The other questions require more than a yes or no response and are considered open-ended questions.