Nokea
Raphael is interested to learn more about transcultural nursing because he is assigned at the family suites where most patients come from different cultures and countries. Which of the following designs is appropriate for this study?
- A. Grounded theory
- B. Ethnography
- C. Case study
- D. Phenomenology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ethnography. Ethnography is the most suitable design for studying transcultural nursing as it involves in-depth immersion and observation of a particular culture or group to understand their behaviors, beliefs, and practices. This approach allows Raphael to gain a comprehensive understanding of the diverse cultural backgrounds of the patients at the family suites. Grounded theory focuses on developing theories from data, which may not be as directly relevant in this context. Case study involves detailed examination of a single individual or group, limiting the scope of cultural exploration. Phenomenology explores individuals' subjective experiences, which may not capture the broader cultural context needed for transcultural nursing.
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A measure of how efficiently and effectively managers use available resources is organized
- A. Efficiency
- B. Performance
- C. Effectiveness
- D. Achievement
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Performance. Performance is the most suitable choice because it encompasses both efficiency (utilization of resources) and effectiveness (achievement of goals). Efficiency alone (choice A) does not consider the outcome, while effectiveness (choice C) focuses solely on achieving goals without considering resource utilization. Achievement (choice D) is too narrow and does not cover the holistic aspect of managerial performance. In summary, performance is the best choice as it evaluates the overall utilization of resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively.
When your nurse leader maintains strong control over the nursing staff and makes most of the decisions about how the unit will function, your leader is demonstrating what style of leadership?
- A. Laissez-faire
- B. Authoritarian
- C. Democratic
- D. transactional
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Authoritarian. In an authoritarian leadership style, the leader maintains strong control and makes decisions without input from the team. This is evident when the nurse leader controls and dictates most aspects of the unit's functioning. This style can lead to decreased morale and autonomy among staff members.
A: Laissez-faire is when the leader is hands-off and allows the team to make decisions independently, which is not the case here.
C: Democratic leadership involves collaboration and shared decision-making among the team members and the leader, which is not demonstrated in this scenario.
D: Transactional leadership focuses on rewards and punishments based on performance, which is not the primary characteristic displayed by the nurse leader in the question.
Ensuring that there is an informed consent on the part of the patient before a surgery is done, illustrates the bioethical principle of:
- A. Beneficence
- B. Autonomy
- C. Truth telling/veracity
- D. Non-maleficence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autonomy. Autonomy refers to the principle of respecting an individual's right to make their own decisions. Informed consent before surgery ensures that the patient has the necessary information to make an autonomous decision about their treatment. This involves understanding the risks, benefits, and alternatives to the proposed surgery.
A: Beneficence focuses on promoting the well-being of the patient, which is important in healthcare but not directly related to informed consent.
C: Truth telling/veracity is about honesty in communication, which is important in healthcare but not the main principle illustrated by informed consent.
D: Non-maleficence refers to the principle of doing no harm, which is related to patient safety but not the primary focus of informed consent.
The individual's thinking patterns based on his/her observations and conclusions that may sometimes lead to false assumption, wrong judgment, and faulty reasoning are called
- A. Cognitive biases
- B. Fast experiences
- C. Contingent decision
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cognitive biases. Cognitive biases refer to the systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, whereby individuals create their own "subjective reality" based on their perception of the world. This can lead to false assumptions, wrong judgments, and faulty reasoning. Cognitive biases influence decision-making and can impact how information is processed and interpreted.
Choice B: Fast experiences is incorrect because it does not accurately reflect the concept of cognitive biases. Choice C: Contingent decision is incorrect as it does not specifically address the individual's thinking patterns based on observations and conclusions. Choice D: None of the above is incorrect as cognitive biases are a well-established concept in psychology and decision-making research.
Which action by the manager is most likely to reduce the incidence of sexual harassment in the workplace?
- A. Limit one-on-one interaction between female and male employees whenever possible.
- B. Encourage workers to confront the 'harasser' directly and resolve the conflict.
- C. Provide desensitization training to minimize employee reactions
- D. Actively pursue an investigation of all complaints
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because actively pursuing an investigation of all complaints demonstrates a commitment to addressing and preventing sexual harassment. By thoroughly investigating complaints, the manager sends a clear message that harassment will not be tolerated, creating a deterrent effect. This approach also provides a fair and impartial process for addressing grievances and holding perpetrators accountable.
Choice A is incorrect as it may inadvertently isolate employees and impede collaboration. Choice B is ineffective as it puts the burden on the victim to confront the harasser, which can be intimidating and ineffective. Choice C is inappropriate as desensitization training can normalize inappropriate behavior rather than addressing the root cause.