Nokea
Rare causes of bloody diarrhoea include:
- A. Campylobacter infection
- B. Peutz-Jegher's syndrome
- C. Enterotoxigenic E. coli
- D. Crohn's disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rare causes of bloody diarrhoea include conditions like Peutz-Jegher's syndrome which is a genetic disorder causing polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. Campylobacter Shigella and Enterotoxigenic E. coli are common causes of infectious diarrhoea while Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition.
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What FOUR other features may you find on her physical examination if you suspect infective endocarditis?
- A. Intracranial hemorrhage
- B. Conjunctival hemorrhages
- C. Glomerulonephritis
- D. Roth spots
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These physical signs are common in infective endocarditis and help with clinical diagnosis.
In autism:
- A. Social interaction is normal
- B. Dopamine levels are reduced
- C. Genetic factors may play a role in aetiology
- D. Methylphenidate is used with benefit
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Genetic factors may play a role in aetiology: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a strong genetic component, with numerous genes contributing to its development, although environmental factors may also play a role.
Increased left ventricular end diastolic volume is seen in:
- A. Mitral regurgitation
- B. Congestive cardiomyopathy
- C. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- D. Aortic stenosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mitral regurgitation leads to increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume due to backflow of blood into the left atrium.
The nurse is completing the preoperative assessment of a client who is scheduled for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Which finding warrants notification of the healthcare provider prior to proceeding with the scheduled procedure?
- A. Light yellow coloring of the client's skin and eyes
- B. The client's blood pressure reading is 184/88 mm Hg.
- C. The client vomits 20 ml of clear yellowish fluid
- D. The IV insertion site is red, swollen, and leaking IV fluid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High blood pressure increases the risk of complications during surgery and needs to be addressed before proceeding.
The nurse is evaluating a male client’s understanding of diet teaching about the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan. Which behavior indicates that the client is adhering to the eating plan?
- A. Uses only lactose-free dairy products
- B. Enjoys fat free yogurt as an occasional snack food
- C. No longer includes grains in his daily diet
- D. Carefully cleans and peels all fresh fruit and vegetables
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cleaning and peeling fruits and vegetables is consistent with the DASH plan, which promotes a high intake of fresh produce.