Nokea
Recognised features in Marfan's syndrome include:
- A. Mutation in fibrillin gene
- B. Mitral valve prolapse
- C. Cognitive impairment
- D. Myopia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitral valve prolapse
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A nurse prepares a client for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The client states, I am afraid I might die. How should the nurse respond?
- A. This is a routine surgery and the risk of death is very low.
- B. Would you like to speak with a chaplain before surgery?
- C. Tell me more about your concerns about the surgery.
- D. What support systems do you have to assist you?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Encouraging the client to express their concerns allows the nurse to provide emotional support and address specific fears.
A 15-year-old female reports fainting at school in class on two occasions. The adolescent's orthostatic blood pressures are normal. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner suspects a cardiac cause for these episodes and will order which tests before referring her to a pediatric cardiologist?
- A. 12-lead electrocardiogram
- B. Echocardiogram
- C. Tilt table testing
- D. Treadmill exercise testing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A 12-lead ECG is useful for initial evaluation.
A male client with heart failure (HF) calls the clinic and reports that he cannot put his shoes on because they are too tight. Which additional information should the nurse obtain?
- A. What time did he take his last medications?
- B. Has his weight changed in the last several days?
- C. Is he still able to tighten his belt buckle?
- D. How many hours did he sleep last night?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weight gain is a key indicator of fluid retention in heart failure, which can exacerbate symptoms.
What information should the nurse include in the teaching plan of a client diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
- A. Sleep without pillows at night to maintain neck alignment.
- B. Adjust food intake to three full meals per day and no snacks.
- C. Minimize symptoms by wearing loose, comfortable clothing
- D. Avoid participation in any aerobic exercise programs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Loose clothing reduces pressure on the abdomen, which can help minimize GERD symptoms.
Through what does the infant born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome acquire oxygenated blood?
- A. The patent ductus arteriosus
- B. A ventricular septal defect
- C. The closure of the foramen ovale
- D. An atrial septal defect
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because the right side of the heart must take over pumping blood to both the lungs and systemic circulation, the ductus arteriosus must remain open to shunt the oxygenated blood from the lungs.