Nokea
Recognised features of brucellosis include:
- A. Osteomyelitis
- B. Liver granuloma
- C. Pericarditis
- D. Splenomegaly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Splenomegaly
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A 3-month-old infant who was previously healthy now has a persistent cough, bilateral lung crackles, and poor appetite. A grade III/VI, low-pitched, holosystolic murmur over the left lower sternal border and palpates the liver at one centimeter below the ribs. What diagnosis is likely?
- A. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
- B. Coarctation of the aorta (COA)
- C. Patent ductus arteriosis (PDA)
- D. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The symptoms above are characteristic of a VSD and may not present at birth but appear later as CHF becomes more pronounced.
A client with cholelithiasis has a gallstone lodged in the common bile duct and is unable to eat or drink without becoming nauseated and vomiting. Which finding should the nurse report to the healthcare provider.
- A. Belching
- B. Amber urine
- C. Yellow sclera
- D. Flatulence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Yellow sclera indicates jaundice, which is a sign of bile duct obstruction and requires immediate medical attention.
Typical features of Down's syndrome include:
- A. Brachycephaly
- B. Hypotonia
- C. Male infertility
- D. Increased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypotonia is a key feature of Down's syndrome, often leading to delayed development and muscle weakness.
A previously well 3½-month-old presents with poor feeding, diaphoresis during feeding, and poor growth. Vital signs reveal respirations of 70, pulse of 175, and blood pressure of 90/65 mm Hg in the upper and lower extremities. The cardiac examination reveals a palpable parasternal lift and a systolic thrill. A grade 4 holosystolic murmur and a mid-diastolic rumble are noted. The chest radiograph reveals cardiomegaly. The most likely diagnosis is
- A. cardiomyopathy
- B. myocarditis
- C. VSD
- D. coarctation of the aorta
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The presentation suggests a large ventricular septal defect (VSD) causing significant left-to-right shunting and heart failure.
Causes of non-bloody diarrhoea include:
- A. Shigella dysentery
- B. Campylobacter jejuni
- C. Giardia lamblia
- D. Salmonella
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Giardia lamblia is a common cause of non-bloody diarrhoea. Shigella and Campylobacter typically cause bloody diarrhoea.