Nokea
Recognized features in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome include:
- A. Mutation in fibrillin gene
- B. Short stature
- C. Keratoconus
- D. Easy scarring
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Easy scarring: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a connective tissue disorder characterized by hyperelastic skin, joint hypermobility, and easy bruising and scarring.
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Which is best described as the inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation at normal filling pressures?
- A. Pulmonary congestion
- B. Congenital heart defect
- C. Heart failure
- D. Systemic venous congestion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The definition of heart failure is the inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation at normal filling pressures to meet the body’s metabolic demands. Pulmonary congestion is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Congenital heart defect is a malformation of the heart present at birth. Systemic venous congestion is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the systemic vasculature.
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding delayed tooth eruption?
- A. Most common cause is idiopathic
- B. Defined as no teeth eruption by 15 months of age
- C. Mechanical blockade can be a cause
- D. Hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism should be ruled out
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Delayed tooth eruption is defined as no teeth eruption by 13 months of age, not 15 months.
The following conditions are associated with hyperammonaemia:
- A. Reye syndrome
- B. Citrullinaemia
- C. Methylmalonic acidaemia
- D. Homocystinuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reye syndrome is associated with hyperammonaemia due to liver dysfunction and impaired urea cycle function, leading to ammonia accumulation.
Regarding malaria:
- A. Plasmodium ovale has an exoerythrocytic cycle
- B. Plasmodium malariae does not occur after 5 years of primary illness
- C. Chloroquine is useful for prophylaxis of falciparum malaria in all areas of the world
- D. Primaquine is used to eradicate falciparum malaria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Plasmodium ovale has both an exoerythrocytic (liver) and erythrocytic (blood) cycle, which is a characteristic of this species of malaria parasite.
What FOUR other features may you find on her physical examination if you suspect infective endocarditis?
- A. Intracranial hemorrhage
- B. Conjunctival hemorrhages
- C. Glomerulonephritis
- D. Roth spots
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These physical signs are common in infective endocarditis and help with clinical diagnosis.