Nokea
Reflux of gastric juice due to diminished the lower esophageal sphincter tone with symptoms as heart burn or atypical chest pain.
- A. Chaga's disease
- B. Megacolon
- C. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- D. Atrophic gastritis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: GERD is caused by a weakened lower esophageal sphincter, allowing gastric juice to reflux, causing heartburn.
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Aldosterone does what?
- A. Prevents Na+ reabsorption
- B. Promotes Water reabsorption
- C. Promotes Na+ reabsorption
- D. Prevents water reabsorption
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule and collecting duct, indirectly aiding water retention.
One of the following is not true about the enteroendocrine cells:
- A. They are present in the stomach, small intestine and large intestine.
- B. They are of two types open and closed.
- C. They deliver their secretions only in the git lumen.
- D. They are also called argentaffine cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Enteroendocrine cells release hormones into the bloodstream (endocrine function), not just the GIT lumen.
All about vermilion zone (free red margin) of lip is true EXCEPT:
- A. Covered by modified mucous membrane
- B. The epith covering has clear keratin superficial layer.
- C. Show deep & numerous dermal papilla
- D. Show NO skin appendages.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The vermilion zone is covered by modified skin, not a mucous membrane, though it lacks skin appendages and has a thin keratin layer.
Which process matches the definition: Vomiting - the result of forceful contractions of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles?
- A. Emesis
- B. Peristalsis
- C. Deglutition
- D. Segmentation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Emesis is the medical term for vomiting, involving forceful muscle contractions.
Match each term with the correct description: organs that filter blood to remove wastes collected from all cells
- A. urethra
- B. urinary system
- C. bladder
- D. kidneys
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The kidneys filter blood to remove cellular wastes.